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排序方式: 共有675条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Carlo S. Iorio Oleg A. Kabov Jean-Claude Legros 《Microgravity science and technology》2007,19(3-4):27-29
In this paper, some of the preparatory experiments of the ESA sponsored space program CIMEX-1 are presented. A liquid layer of variable thickness is subject to a flow of inert gas. The non-uniform evaporation induced by the gas flow creates a temperature gradient parallel to the interface triggering in that way thermocapillary convection. The combined action of evaporation, thermocapillarity and gravity has been not completely clarified both theoretically and experimentally. The experiment presented in this work concerns a liquid layer of ethanol of 2.2 mm thickness in presence of a mass flow of Nitrogen whose intensity varies in the range of hundreds of milliliter per minute. The experiments were performed at an initial liquid temperature of 21°C. The patterns observed are strongly dependent on the flow rate of inert gas. A change in the instability patterns has been observed for a gas flow of about 1.7 l/min. 相似文献
52.
Carmen Castañeda Nadine Pourthie´ Jean-Claude Souyris 《International journal of remote sensing》2013,34(7):1861-1884
A high density of local natural and human-induced ground deformation structures resulting from the presence of evaporites occur extensively around Zaragoza (NE Spain), posing risks to infrastructure, buildings and agriculture. We studied the potential of a series of interferograms constructed from 29 European Radar Satellite (ERS)-1/2 images to detect different types of ground deformation related to evaporite dissolution, landslides and mining subsidence. We examined the factors involved in the usefulness and quality of interferograms, especially in relation to coherence and atmospheric circumstances. Favourable conditions were found in desert or developed areas, while agricultural practises caused decorrelation in most sinkhole-prone areas. Results are consistent with previous geomorphological data and indicate that different natural and human-induced deformation phenomena can be detected in a time lag less than 5 years in evaporite areas. Advanced interferometric techniques based on time series of SAR images are needed for precise measurement and monitoring purposes. 相似文献
53.
Jean-Claude Bureau Bernard Bonnetot Pierre Claudy Hassan Eddaoudi 《Materials Research Bulletin》1985,20(10):1147-1155
The Raman spectra of lithium tetrahydroaluminate (LiAlH4) and tetradeuteroaluminate (LiAlD4) in their room pressure phases have been investigated at room temperature. Internal vibrational modes as well as lattice modes have been observed. As the cristallographic structure of LiAlH4-α is not fully determined, a partial vibrational analysis has been performed. Using deuteration as a spectroscopic probe, the separation between librational and translational phonon modes has been established. Raman spectra of the new LiAlD4-α′ form have been analysed. They have confirmed the irreversible transformation of LiAlD4-α′ into the well known LiAlD4- α form, at ca.65°C. 相似文献
54.
Bernard Charra Guillaume Jean Jean-Marc Hurot Jean-Claude Terrat Thierry Vanel Cyril VoVan Foued Maazoun Charles Chazot 《Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis》2001,5(1):42-50
While nephrologists wait for the ideal, non invasive, inexpensive, precise, and reproducible tool to evaluate extracellular volume (ECV), they need to exert their clinical acumen in the quest of that holy grail, dry weight (DW). Estimation of DW using a clinical approach based on blood pressure (BP) and ECV is feasible and reliable as shown by successful experiences in various dialysis modes over more than three decades. But a need still exists to resolve difficulties associated with accurate assessment of BP (methods and circumstances of measurement, and the confounding effects of antihypertensive drugs) and ECV (evaluation of weight changes unrelated to ECV, lack of specificity and sensitivity of clinical symptoms, lag time, confusion in terminology). An essential point in clinical assessment of DW is that a normal BP is at the same time the target and the crucial index of DW achievement. For this reason, a trialand‐error “probe” process has to be used at intervals to make sure that the dry weight target point is correctly estimated. The various “non clinical” methods proposed for dry weight assessment increase the complexity and the cost of hemodialysis. They are, in the present state of things, more clinical research than practice tools. They do not replace clinical judgment. 相似文献
55.
56.
Ronald G. McGarvey Enrique Del Castillo Tom M. Cavalier E. Amine Lehtihet 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》2002,18(5):395-402
Sequential tolerance control (STC) is a tolerance control methodology used in discrete parts manufacturing. Recently, an adaptive sphere‐fitting method for STC (ASF–STC) was developed to account for potential skewness in manufacturing operations' distributions, a factor not considered in conventional STC. ASF–STC offers significant improvements over conventional STC when such skewness exists. The direction of skewness of an operations' distribution is a necessary input to ASF–STC. Thus, a novel approach to determining the skewness of a distribution for small sample sizes is presented here. ASF–STC has an additional requirement of distribution information for each operation. The beta distribution is an ideal candidate here, as it is very flexible in shape. The literature on four‐parameter beta estimation is very limited, and their performance for small sample sizes is poor. STC was designed for low‐volume production, thus the estimation for small sample sizes is necessary here. This study presents a heuristic, based on the method of moments estimates for a beta distribution, that estimates the four parameters for a beta distribution with small sample size. Several computational results are provided to compare this heuristic to the best‐known procedure, with the heuristic found to perform better for the test problems considered. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
57.
Daniil Bograchev Mikael Gueguen Jean-Claude Grandidier Serguei Martemianov 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2008
Numerical modelling of mechanical stresses in running fuel cell is provided. The evolution of stresses and plastic deformations in the membrane has been obtained during the turn-on phase. The operating conditions have been taken into account by imposing the heating sources and the humidity field. The results have been presented on two scales: the global scale reflects the stress evolution in the entire fuel cell and the local one corresponds to the tooth/channel structure. It has been shown that the stresses are strongly heterogeneous on the both scales and time dependent. From the mechanical point of view, the most sensible zone is under the GDL/seal joint interface. In the running fuel cell the heterogeneity decreases while it rises in the fuel cell just after the assembly. The stresses reach the maximum values during the humidification step, the magnitude of these stresses is sufficient for initiation of the plastic deformations in the Nafion membrane. 相似文献
58.
59.
Alain Remond Franois Axisa Jean-Yves Boivin Jean-Claude Bouchter 《Nuclear Engineering and Design》1990,124(3)
Concomitant with the launching of the French pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear power program, a large research and development (R&D) effort was initiated, devoted to the steam generators (SGs). This program, managed cooperatively by Framatome, the SG designer and manufacturer; Electricité de France (EDF), the French electrical utility; and the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), the French Atomic Energy Commission, primarily responsible for nuclear research; was focused on four main objectives:
- 1. (1) To obtain a better understanding of the physical phenomena existing in these steam generators and leading to SG performance alterations or operating life reductions.
- 2. (2) To test and validate improved design solutions for the model 51 Framatome steam generator, which was the first one designed under Westinghouse license.
- 3. (3) To test and validate new Framatome SG designs.
- 4. (4) To test and validate new, high-performance design tools.
- • - SG thermal-hydraulics,
- • - SG tube vibration and wear,
- • - SG materials (production, corrosion, etc.),
- • - Primary and secondary fluid chemistry,
- • - SG technology (manufacturing processes, NDT, etc.),
- • - SG in-service inspection, and
- • - SG maintenance.
60.
Mathieu Martinez Laure Cointeaux Jean-Claude Leprêtre Patrick Judeinstein 《Journal of power sources》2010,195(18):5829-1379
The paper deals with the synthesis and characterisation of proton-conducting ionic liquids (PCILs) and their polymer electrolytes obtained by blending modified Nafion membranes with different concentrations of PCILs. The PCILs are obtained by the neutralization of triethylamine with different organic acids. The first part of the paper studies the influence of acidity and acid structure on PCIL thermal and electrochemical performance, while the second part examines membrane conductivity and reveals it to depend more on PCIL structure than on its intrinsic conductivity. At 130 °C, conductivities exceeding 10 mS cm−1 were obtained in fully anhydrous conditions. 相似文献