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111.
Zebrowitz Leslie A.; Kikuchi Masako; Fellous Jean-Marc 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2010,98(2):175
The authors used connectionist modeling to extend previous research on emotion overgeneralization effects. Study 1 demonstrated that neutral expression male faces objectively resemble angry expressions more than female faces do, female faces objectively resemble surprise expressions more than male faces do, White faces objectively resemble angry expressions more than Black or Korean faces do, and Black faces objectively resemble happy and surprise expressions more than White faces do. Study 2 demonstrated that objective resemblance to emotion expressions influences trait impressions even when statistically controlling possible confounding influences of attractiveness and babyfaceness. It further demonstrated that emotion overgeneralization is moderated by face race and that racial differences in emotion resemblance contribute to White perceivers’ stereotypes of Blacks and Asians. These results suggest that intergroup relations may be strained not only by cultural stereotypes but also by adaptive responses to emotion expressions that are overgeneralized to groups whose faces subtly resemble particular emotions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
112.
Bastien Boussier Stephen Bryan Matthias Dremel Jean-Marc Fourneron Christian Mayaux Robert Pearce Peter Saunders Dhananjay Mokashi Jean-Marc Poncet Pantxo Diribarne 《Fusion Engineering and Design》2013,88(6-8):831-834
The ITER vacuum system will be one of the largest and most complex vacuum systems ever to be built. Extensive instrumentation and controls are being developed to satisfy the stringent vacuum processes necessary for the successful and safe operation of the ITER Tokamak. The complexity and deep integration of the vacuum systems within the ITER machine presents a challenge to implement all of the controls necessary for reliable operation. Several thousand valves and sensors have to be implemented within the harsh environmental conditions of the Tokamak vicinity, and require engineering of instrumentation and controls with remote electronics solutions.In this paper the status of the design of field end vacuum controls and instrumentation for the ITER vacuum systems is described. Details of the progress on selection of sensors and actuator technologies are given herein and solutions for remote device operation, including those for cryogenic devices, are described together with necessary local shielding. 相似文献
113.
Alessandri JM Extier A Langelier B Perruchot MH Heberden C Guesnet P Lavialle M 《Lipids》2008,43(1):19-28
Whether neurosteroids regulate the synthesis of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in brain cells is unknown. We examined
the influence of 17-β-estradiol (E2) on the capacity of SH-SY5Y cells supplemented with α-linolenic acid (ALA), to produce
eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Cells were incubated for 24 or 72 h
with ALA added alone or in combination with E2 (ALA + E2). Fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography of ethanolamine
glycerophospholipids (EtnGpl) and phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho). Incubation for 24 h with ALA alone increased EPA and DPA in
EtnGpl, by 330 and 430% compared to controls (P < 0.001) and DHA by only 10% (P < 0.05). Although DHA increased by 30% (P < 0.001) in ALA + E2-treated cells, the difference between the ALA and ALA + E2 treatments were not significant after 24 h
(Anova-1, Fisher’s test). After 72 h, EPA, DPA and DHA further increased in EtnGpl and PtdCho of cells supplemented with ALA
or ALA + E2. Incubation for 72 h with ALA + E2 specifically increased EPA (+34% in EtnGpl, P < 0.001) and DPA (+15%, P < 0.001) compared to ALA alone. Thus, SH-SY5Y cells produced membrane EPA, DPA and DHA from supplemental ALA. The formation
of DHA was limited, even in the presence of E2. E2 significantly favored EPA and DPA production in cells grown for 72 h. Enhanced
synthesis of ALA-elongation products in neuroblastoma cells treated with E2 supports the hypothesis that neurosteroids could
modulate the metabolism of PUFA. 相似文献
114.
Nicolas Candau Laurent Chazeau Jean-Marc Chenal Catherine Gauthier José Ferreira Etienne Munch Cyrille Rochas 《Polymer》2012,53(13):2540-2543
Real time Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS) measurements during cyclic tensile tests at high strain rates (from 8 s?1–280 s?1) and at room temperature on crosslinked Natural Rubber (NR) are performed thanks to a specific homemade device. From the observed influence of the frequency on the crystallization index at the maximum sample elongation, a characteristic crystallization time is deduced. This is done taking into account the material self-heating during such unusually high strain rates. Two regimes for the dynamic process of strain induced crystallization are evidenced. For the NR tested, the obtained characteristic time is around 20 ms when the material average elongation during the cyclic test is above a critical elongation value λc. λc is the minimum elongation needed to induce crystallization during low strain rate tensile tests. Moreover, a rapid increase of this characteristic time is found when the average elongation decreases below this critical value. 相似文献
115.
Jean-Marc Henin Michael Leyman Aline Bauduin Benoit Jourez Jacques Hébert 《Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff》2014,72(5):623-633
Microwave heating was recently approved by the FAO as a significantly effective phytosanitary treatment for wood packaging material. According to ISPM 15 (FAO 2009), the target organisms are eradicated if a temperature higher than 60 °C is maintained for 60 s across the entire profile of the board (i.e. 60 °C/60 s). A study using pallet boards was carried out in order to set up a treatment program that would meet ISPM 15 requirements in terms of wood temperature and insect mortality. A 4 m-long industrial tunnel oven (maximum power of 28.8 kW) was used to carry out the experiments. Temperature was measured by means of a VarioCAM® infrared camera. The most relevant results found were: (i) achieving a mean temperature of 63.2 °C (Populus sp.) or 64.8 °C (Pinus sylvestris L.) on the upper surface of 22 mm-thick boards enabled compliance with FAO requirements (i.e. 60 °C/60 s), whatever the moisture content, basic density and initial temperature of the wood (provided the latter exceeded 0 °C); (ii) larvae >150 mg represented the most microwave-resistant life stage of Hylotrupes bajulus L.; (iii) the mortality rate of the larvae was influenced by the moisture content of the boards. Using the Gompertz model, the upper surface temperature was estimated that would be needed to achieve a 99.99683 % mortality rate (the Probit 9 mortality level of efficacy) for the most microwave-resistant life stage of H. bajulus. This temperature was estimated to be 46.8 and 57 °C for wood with >50 and <25 % moisture content, respectively. 相似文献
116.
The variability of histological and cell wall chemical characteristics of apricot were assessed in nine apricot varieties: Harogem, Goldrich, Hargrand, Iranien, Moniqui, Orangered® Bhart, Stark Early Orange, Ravicille and Rouge du Roussillon. For chemical analyses, Iranien and Moniqui were harvested twice at two weeks interval and Goldrich parenchyma was subdivided into inner and outer tissue. 相似文献
117.
Părău EI Vanden-Broeck JM 《Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences》2011,369(1947):2973-2988
Solutions of the nonlinear water wave equations under an ice sheet are computed using a boundary integral equation method. The ice sheet is modelled as a thin elastic plate and the fluid equations are nonlinear. Depending on the velocity of the moving disturbance generating the flow, different types of responses of the floating ice sheet are discussed. 相似文献
118.
Vanden-Broeck JM Părău EI 《Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences》2011,369(1947):2957-2972
Two-dimensional gravity waves travelling under an ice sheet are studied. The flow is assumed to be potential. Weakly nonlinear solutions are derived and fully nonlinear solutions are calculated numerically. Periodic waves and generalized solitary waves are studied. 相似文献
119.
Massioni P Kulcsár C Raynaud HF Conan JM 《Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision》2011,28(11):2298-2309
The linear quadratic Gaussian regulator provides the minimum-variance control solution for a linear time-invariant system. For adaptive optics (AO) applications, under the hypothesis of a deformable mirror with instantaneous response, such a controller boils down to a minimum-variance phase estimator (a Kalman filter) and a projection onto the mirror space. The Kalman filter gain can be computed by solving an algebraic Riccati matrix equation, whose computational complexity grows very quickly with the size of the telescope aperture. This "curse of dimensionality" makes the standard solvers for Riccati equations very slow in the case of extremely large telescopes. In this article, we propose a way of computing the Kalman gain for AO systems by means of an approximation that considers the turbulence phase screen as the cropped version of an infinite-size screen. We demonstrate the advantages of the methods for both off- and on-line computational time, and we evaluate its performance for classical AO as well as for wide-field tomographic AO with multiple natural guide stars. Simulation results are reported. 相似文献
120.
Aprahamian M Bour G Akladios CY Fylaktakidou K Greferath R Soler L Marescaux J Egly JM Lehn JM Nicolau C 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2011,12(5):777-783
Myo-inositol trispyrophosphate (ITPP), a synthetic allosteric effector of hemoglobin, increases the regulated oxygen-releasing capacity of red blood cells (RBCs), leading to suppression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and to down-regulation of hypoxia-inducible genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). As a consequence, tumor growth is markedly affected. The effect of weekly intravenous injection of ITPP on an orthotopic, syngenic rat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model was compared to that for untreated animals and animals subjected to conventional Doxorubicin chemotherapy. The longitudinal examination of HCC was performed by microCT imaging, and the cellular and molecular changes were evaluated by histology and Western blotting analysis of HIF-1α, VEGF, and caspase-3 gene expression in the tumor and in the surrounding liver. Hematologic impact was evaluated by blood cell-count measurement and determination of P50 (oxygen partial pressure for a 50 % oxygen saturation of hemoglobin). The HCC evaluation by microCT revealed a high potency of ITPP for tumor growth inhibition, thus allowing long-term survival and even cure of almost all the treated animals. The P50 value of hemoglobin in RBCs underwent a shift of 30 % following ITPP injection. Under these conditions, HIF-1α activity was strongly decreased, VEGF expression was down-regulated, and apoptosis was induced in HCC and surrounding liver cells, as indicated by Caspase-3 expression. ITPP did not affect hematologic parameters during treatment. The observations of in vivo tumor eradication suggest a significant clinical potential for ITPP in cancer therapy. 相似文献