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71.
Kouamé D Girault JM Remenieras JP Chemla JP Lethiecq M 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》2003,50(3):267-278
For pt.I see ibid., vol.50, no.3, p.267-78 (2003). This paper presents an application of continuous wave ultrasound Doppler velocity measurements to two-phase flow in pipes. In many petroleum wells, the multiphase flow is separated into two phases: the first is a liquid phase and the second is a gas phase with small scatterers. The problem of multiphase velocity profile measurements has not been satisfactorily solved by classical approaches due to the multiphase nature of the fluid and the presence of colored noise, which introduces a significant bias in classical frequency estimators. We propose the use of resolution frequency techniques to overcome the classical limitations. Direct estimation of Doppler frequency then obtained using either time frequency maximum frequency or arguments of poles of the parametric model that identifies the Doppler part of the signal is discussed. The tests made with synthetic Doppler signals and two-phase flow have demonstrated the excellent performance of the high resolution techniques based on reassignment and parametric techniques. 相似文献
72.
Lacour D Granet G Plumey JP Mure-Ravaud A 《Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision》2003,20(8):1546-1552
We demonstrate theoretically a polarization-independent guided-mode resonant filter with only a one dimensional grating. A rigorous method, the modal method by Fourier expansion, is used to compute the diffracted efficiencies of the grating. Wave-vector analysis fails to correctly design a polarization-independent structure. We show that a rigorous analysis of the resonances must be employed to obtain such a device; using a pole approach, we study the effects of grating parameters on the resonances of both polarizations. 相似文献
73.
Emmanuel Defaÿ David Wolozan Jean-Pierre Blanc Emmanuelle Serret Pierre Garrec Sophie Verrun Denis Pellissier Philippe Delpech Julie Guillan Bernard Andr Laurent Ulmer Marc Aïd Pascal Ancey 《Solid-state electronics》2007,51(11-12):1624
This paper describes realization and characterization of SrTiO3 (STO) high K MIM capacitors above BiCMOS integrated circuit (IC). These capacitances are connected to IC and are used as coupling capacitors in order to realize a high pass filter. Surface capacitance achieved is 10 nF/mm2 with capacitance value of 1.2 nF. The process for STO MIM fabrication does not exceed 400 °C, which is compatible with interconnections. Typical K and dielectric losses values obtained are, respectively 110% and 2%. Yield obtained reaches 83% for capacitors. A functional high pass filter using these STO capacitors was realized in this study. It exhibits a cut-off frequency at 6.5 kHz and a constant gain at higher frequencies of −1.3 dB. 相似文献
74.
Jean-Pierre Lagouarde Michel Bach José A. Sobrino Gilles Boulet Xavier Briottet Selma Cherchali 《International journal of remote sensing》2013,34(9-10):3437-3466
This article presents the MISTIGRI project of a microsatellite developed by the French space agency Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) in cooperation with Spain (Image Processing Laboratory of the University of Valencia and Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial (CDTI)). MISTIGRI is a mission that has the originality of combining a high spatial resolution (~50 m) with a daily revisit in the thermal infrared (TIR). MISTIGRI is an experimental mission devoted to demonstrate the potential of such TIR data for future operational missions. The scientific goals and expected applications of the mission are described: they encompass the monitoring of (i) agricultural areas and related hydrological processes, (ii) urban areas, and (iii) coastal areas and continental waters. Then, the specifications on spatial resolution, revisit frequency, overpass time, and spectral configuration are justified. The strategy of the mission is based on the combination with a network of long-term experimental sites. It will also make possible observing some areas facing rapid climatic change. The choice of the orbit is presented. Finally, we give rapid overviews of both the instrumental concept and the proposed mission architecture. 相似文献
75.
Nasreddine Kébir Albert Laguerre Claude Bunel Jean-Pierre Couvercelle 《Polymer》2005,46(18):6869-6877
New telechelic cis-1,4-polyisoprene oligomers bearing an hydroxyl group at the end of the polyisoprene backbone and possessing controlled molecular weights were used as soft segments in the elaboration of polyurethane elastomers. Besides, the well defined hydroxytelechelic cis-1,4-polyisoprene (HTPI) structure obtained through a controlled methodology, was chemically modified leading to hydrogenated and epoxidized oligomers based polyurethanes. The influence of the structural changes of these precursors on the polyurethanes properties have been studied. Thus, mechanical parameters as well as glass transition and mechanical transition temperature measurements indicated an increase in PUs hardness when the length of soft segment decreases and when the degree of epoxidized and hydrogenated isoprenic moieties increases. Moreover, based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), a linear relationship was established between the weight loss in the urethane stage degradation and the amount of hard segments in the PUs. Otherwise, the hydrogenated soft segments were found more thermally stable than the epoxidized and the non modified ones. By comparison with similar investigations developed from commercial oligodienes (PBHT R20 LM® and EPOL®), this study mainly showed that the PUs based on hydrogenated hydroxytelechelic cis-1,4-polyisoprenes were more thermally stable and softer than the EPOL® based analogues. 相似文献
76.
A wide range of wireless system developments require knowledge of the distribution of electromagnetic fields from various sources in humans. As experimental assessment is ethically unacceptable, high-resolution numerical dosimetry is needed. The finite-difference time-domain method is the most appropriate due to its simplicity and versatility. Reduction in demands on computational resources can be achieved using subgridding techniques. This paper rigorously introduces frequency dependency to one of the most promising subgridding techniques, Huygens subgridding. The validity of the Huygens surface in lossy media, as well as on the physical interface, is intensively studied. 相似文献
77.
Jean-François Vinchant Franck Mallecot Didier Decoster Jean-Pierre Vilcot 《电信纪事》1989,44(3-4):149-154
The authors developed a model on optical guided structures with complex refractive indices, on 9 desktop-computer. This model allows to predict the coupling efficiency of photodetectors monolithically integrated with optical waveguides. An oscillatory behaviour of the absorption coefficient versus the absorbing layer thinkness has been pointed out. Comparisons with experimental resuylts obtained with device made in different laboratories show a good agrement 相似文献
78.
This paper considers the present development of isdn in France. Two main components are used to already offer isdn services to big business users: rtc 64 and Telecom 1. Those two services, Transcom and Transdyn, have been defined to fullfill big business users needs and constitute the French first phase isdn. In a second part the article considers the evolution of this first phase isdn towards the progressive generalisation of isdn. Two points are then considered: inter-working between Telecom 1 satellite network and second phase isdn and development of reservation service. As a conclusion the paper describes some of the practical experiment gained in those already existing isdn services. 相似文献
79.
Bacterial-based additives for the production of artificial snow: What are the risks to human health?
Arnaud Lagriffoul Rafik Absi Jean-Marc Berjeaud Edmond E. Creppy Jean-Pierre Gadonna Cindy E. Morris 《The Science of the total environment》2010,408(7):1659-1666
For around two decades, artificial snow has been used by numerous winter sports resorts to ensure good snow cover at low altitude areas or more generally, to lengthen the skiing season. Biological additives derived from certain bacteria are regularly used to make artificial snow. However, the use of these additives has raised doubts concerning the potential impact on human health and the environment. In this context, the French health authorities have requested the French Agency for Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (Afsset) to assess the health risks resulting from the use of such additives. The health risk assessment was based on a review of the scientific literature, supplemented by professional consultations and expertise. Biological or chemical hazards from additives derived from the ice nucleation active bacterium Pseudomonas syringae were characterised. Potential health hazards to humans were considered in terms of infectious, toxic and allergenic capacities with respect to human populations liable to be exposed and the means of possible exposure. Taking into account these data, a qualitative risk assessment was carried out, according to four exposure scenarios, involving the different populations exposed, and the conditions and routes of exposure. It was concluded that certain health risks can exist for specific categories of professional workers (mainly snowmakers during additive mixing and dilution tank cleaning steps, with risks estimated to be negligible to low if workers comply with safety precautions). P. syringae does not present any pathogenic capacity to humans and that the level of its endotoxins found in artificial snow do not represent a danger beyond that of exposure to P. syringae endotoxins naturally present in snow. However, the risk of possible allergy in some particularly sensitive individuals cannot be excluded. Another important conclusion of this study concerns use of poor microbiological water quality to make artificial snow. 相似文献
80.
The effect of increasing primary amine hydrocarbon chain length on the SCR of NOx from diesel engine exhaust was investigated and compared to ammonia. Methylamine (CH3NH2), ethylamine (CH3CH2NH2), propylamine (CH3CH2CH2NH2) and butylamine (CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2) were tested using a 12 cell mini core NH3 - SCR catalyst cut from a 400 cpsi block. There is a steady decrease in NOx conversion as the length of the hydrocarbon chain increases (from 50% for methylamine to 26% for butylamine). For the same number of carbons in the amine, primary amines are more active reductants than methyl substituted secondary or tertiary amines. For example, ethylamine (NOx conversion of 45%) is more active than dimethylamine (NOx conversion of 34%).Since the amines are reactive in the gas phase in the temperature range of diesel engine exhaust, gas phase conversions were estimated by replacing the mini core SCR catalyst with an equivalent length of quartz beads. There was no smooth transition in gas phase NO and NOx conversions with increasing hydrocarbon chain length. The results suggest a different mechanism for gas phase reactions depending on the nature of the amine. 相似文献