Errors in determining coal quality

Errors in determining coal quality are compared. For the example of the ash content, it is shown that the error in forming the samples is almost an order of magnitude greater than the error in sample analysis. The metrological characteristics and conditions of correct utilization of results from coal analysis are considered in the light of GOST R ISO 5725 standards. The correct comparison of results obtained by different methods is described.     

Development of ultra–low highly active and durable hybrid compressive platinum lattice cathode catalysts for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

A highly active and stable catalyst/support system is developed by using a two-step process. In the first step, activated carbon composite support (ACCS) is synthesized that retains its activity after accelerated stress test (AST). A 30% Pt/ACCS catalyst shows no loss of mass activity and power density after 5000 cycles at 1.0–1.5 V while the commercial Pt/C and Pt/290G catalysts show drastic mass activity losses (57.5% and 66.2%, respectively) and power density losses (88.7% and 84.0%, respectively). In the second step, Pt catalyst with a compressive Pt lattice (Pt¹) is synthesized through a USC-developed annealing procedure in which Co atoms previously embedded in the support diffuse into Pt. The 30% Pt¹/ACCS shows high initial power density (rated) of 0.174 g_Pt kW^?1 and high stability of 24 mV loss at 0.8 A cm^?2 with an electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) loss of 42% after 30,000 cycles (0.6–1.0 V). The support stability under 1.0–1.5 V potential cycling shows potential loss of 8 mV at 1.5 A cm^?2 and ECSA loss of 22% after 5000 cycles. Improved stability and activity of Pt*/ACCS catalyst are due to synergistic effect of catalytic activity and stability of ACCS and formation of compressive Pt lattice catalyst.     

Tritium-Probe Method in a Study of Adsorption Layers of Lysozyme on the Surface of Detonation Nanodiamonds

Radiochemistry - Tritium-labeled lysozyme was used to determine its adsorption on the surface of nanodiamonds produced by detonation synthesis. It was found that the amount of the adsorbed protein...     

Surface microgeometry of powder coatings in slipping friction: A Markov approach

The formation of wear-resistant powder surface coatings with slipping friction may be described by a statistical approach based on continuous Markov processes. The coordinates of the equilibrium frictional surface are shown to be normally distributed. The correlation of the parameters of surface wear is investigated.     

Amplification of plasma waves in shielded active graphene

Amplification of plasma waves in shielded graphene with inverted energy distribution of charge carriers is investigated theoretically. It is shown that graphene shielding allows one to increase an amplification factor of terahertz plasmons in several times compared to the case of amplification of unshielded plasmons due to strong field confinement of the shielded plasmons near graphene.     

Stability of Plane-Parallel Pulsational Flow of Two Miscible Fluids under High Frequency Horizontal Vibrations

Linear stability of plane-parallel pulsational flow of two miscible fluids in a horizontal layer subjected to high frequency horizontal vibrations is investigated neglecting viscosity and diffusion. Long-wave instability is studied analytically and instability to the perturbations with finite wavelength—numerically.     

Analysis of switched quantizer based on the quadratic spline functions

In this paper, an approximation of the optimal compressor function using the quadratic spline functions with 2L?=?8 segments is described. Since the quadratic spline with 2L?=?8 segments provides better approximation of the optimal compression function than quadratic spline with 2L?=?4 segments, capitalizing on the benefits of the obtained spline approximation, quantizer designing process is firstly performed for the so assumed number of segments and the Laplacian source of a unit variance. Then, to enhance the usability of the proposed model, the switched quantization technique is applied and a beneficial analysis is derived, providing insight in the robustness of the proposed quantizer performances with respect to the mismatch in designed for and applied to variances. Reached quality has been compared to another model from the literature, and it has been shown that the proposed model outperforms the previous model by almost 1.3?dB.     

Effect of thermal annealing on the properties of borophosphate systems containing simulated Cs + Sr radioactive waste fractions

The effect of thermal annealing on the resistance of borophosphate systems to crystallization and the effect of crystallization on the hydrolytic stability of the materials were examined. Systems containing simulated Cs + Sr fraction were studied. Annealing at 400–500°C leads to a noticeable decrease in the leach rate. Annealing at a higher temperature, 600°C, leads to crystallization of the glass and to a considerable increase in the leach rate.     

An Overview,Advantages and Therapeutic Potential of Nonpeptide Positive Allosteric Modulators of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor

Due to uncomfortable injection regimens of peptidic agonists of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), orally available nonpeptide positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of GLP-1Rs are foreseen as the possible future mainstream therapy for type 2 diabetes. Herein, current GLP-1R PAMs are reviewed. Based on the effectiveness and in silico predicted physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity, possible candidates for further development as oral drugs were selected. The suggestion is that GLP-1R PAMs might be used orally alone or in combination with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, which could offer an optimal treatment option next to metformin monotherapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus, or in a wider spectrum of indications. Quercetin acts as a GLP-1R PAM and DPP-4 inhibitor, and therefore, might be considered as a pioneering agent with a dual mechanism of action, in terms of GLP-1R positive allosteric modulation and DPP-4 inhibition for potentiating GLP-1 dependent effects.