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21.
Rowan Paul J.; Cofta-Woerpel Ludmila; Mazas Carlos A.; Vidrine Jennifer Irvin; Reitzel Lorraine R.; Cinciripini Paul M.; Wetter David W. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,15(4):382
Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) consists of assessing phenomena in real time in the natural environment. EMA allows for more fine-grained analyses of addictive behavior and minimizes threats to internal validity, such as recall biases and errors. However, because of the intensive monitoring involved in EMA, measurement reactivity is a concern. To test whether EMA with palmtop personal computers induces reactivity, the authors compared smoking-related outcomes between smokers using EMA and those not using EMA during a quit attempt. The use of no-EMA control groups has been rare in reactivity investigations to date. The EMA protocol included event-contingent assessments (smoking episodes, urge episodes) and random assessments. Outcomes included biologically confirmed abstinence and self-report measures of withdrawal, self-efficacy, motivation, affect, and temptations. Participants were smokers motivated to quit (N = 96). They were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: EMA for the week preceding a planned quit date, EMA for the week following the quit date, and no EMA. Abstinence rates did not differ between the groups at Day 7 or at Day 28 postcessation. For the 20 subscales assessed at each of 3 assessment times, there were significant differences between participants with and without EMA experience for 3 subscales at the 1st of 3 assessment times, and significant differences for 3 different subscales at the 3rd assessment time. These differences suggest some reactivity to EMA, although the inconsistent pattern across time indicates that further research is needed to definitively conclude that EMA induces reactivity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Jennifer K. Edwards Adrian Thomas Benjamin E. Solsona Philip Landon Albert F. Carley Graham J. Hutchings 《Catalysis Today》2007,122(3-4):397-402
The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from H2 and O2 using a range of supported Au–Pd alloy catalysts is compared for different supports using conditions previously identified as being optimal for hydrogen peroxide synthesis, i.e. low temperature (2 °C) using a water–methanol solvent mixture and short reaction time. Five supports are compared and contrasted, namely Al2O3, -Fe2O3, TiO2, SiO2 and carbon. For all catalysts the addition of Pd to the Au only catalyst increases the rate of hydrogen peroxide synthesis as well as the concentration of hydrogen peroxide formed. Of the materials evaluated, the carbon-supported Au–Pd alloy catalysts give the highest reactivity. The results show that the support can have an important influence on the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from the direct reaction. The effect of the methanol–water solvent is studied in detail for the 2.5 wt% Au–2.5 wt% Pd/TiO2 catalyst and the ratio of methanol to water is found to have a major effect on the rate of hydrogen peroxide synthesis. The optimum mixture for this solvent system is 80 vol.% methanol with 20 vol.% water. However, the use of water alone is still effective albeit at a decreased rate. The effect of catalyst mass was therefore also investigated for the water and water–methanol solvents and the observed effect on the hydrogen peroxide productivity using water as a solvent is not considered to be due to mass transfer limitations. These results are of importance with respect to the industrial application of these Au–Pd catalysts. 相似文献
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Rheological Property and Stress Development during Drying of Tape-Cast Ceramic Layers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jennifer A. Lewis Kimberly A. Blackman rea L. Ogden James A. Payne Lorraine F. Francis 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1996,79(12):3225-3234
Rheological property and stress development of tape-cast ceramic layers derived from nonaqueous alumina (A12 O3 )-poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) suspensions were observed during drying. Casting suspensions exhibited strong shear-thinning behavior, with a low shear Newtonian plateau apparent viscosity >102 Pa. s. The apparent suspension viscosity displayed a power-law dependence on the A12 O3 volume fraction during the initial stage of drying (<30% solvent loss). Stress development, measured by a cantilever deflection method, and parallel weight loss measurements were performed during the drying of tape-cast layers and pure binder coatings. Maximum drying stresses (σmax ) of 1.37-0.77 MPa were observed for plasticized tapes cast at gap heights of 150-400 μm. In contrast, nonplasticized tapes of similar thickness displayed a more gradual stress increase, with σmax values approximately an order of magnitude higher than their plasticized counterparts. The stress histories of the corresponding binder coatings were quite similar to the tape-cast layers, albeit slightly lower σ max values were observed. Stresses decayed beyond σmax with a logarithmic time dependence to an almost constant value of 0.2-0.4 MPa for the plasticized tapes. Based on these observations, process methodologies have been offered to minimize stress development and retention in tape-cast ceramic layers 相似文献
26.
Daun Marian Brings Jennifer Krajinski Lisa Stenkova Viktoria Bandyszak Torsten 《Requirements Engineering》2021,26(3):325-370
Requirements Engineering - Collaborative cyber-physical systems are capable of forming networks at runtime to achieve goals that are unachievable for individual systems. They do so by connecting to... 相似文献
27.
Joshua Altschuler Jennifer A. Stockert Natasha Kyprianou 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(4)
Prostate cancer (PCa) mortality remains a significant public health problem, as advanced disease has poor survivability due to the development of resistance in response to both standard and novel therapeutic interventions. Therapeutic resistance is a multifaceted problem involving the interplay of a number of biological mechanisms including genetic, signaling, and phenotypic alterations, compounded by the contributions of a tumor microenvironment that supports tumor growth, invasiveness, and metastasis. The androgen receptor (AR) is a primary regulator of prostate cell growth, response and maintenance, and the target of most standard PCa therapies designed to inhibit AR from interacting with androgens, its native ligands. As such, AR remains the main driver of therapeutic response in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). While androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), in combination with microtubule-targeting taxane chemotherapy, offers survival benefits in patients with mCRPC, therapeutic resistance invariably develops, leading to lethal disease. Understanding the mechanisms underlying resistance is critical to improving therapeutic outcomes and also to the development of biomarker signatures of predictive value. The interconversions between epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) navigate the prostate tumor therapeutic response, and provide a novel targeting platform in overcoming therapeutic resistance. Both microRNA (miRNA)- and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-mediated mechanisms have been associated with epigenetic changes in prostate cancer. This review discusses the current evidence-based knowledge of the role of the phenotypic transitions and novel molecular determinants (non-coding RNAs) as contributors to the emergence of therapeutic resistance and metastasis and their integrated predictive value in prostate cancer progression to advanced disease. 相似文献
28.
Serena Montalbano Francesca Degola Jennifer Bartoli Franco Bisceglie Annamaria Buschini Mauro Carcelli Donatella Feretti Serena Galati Laura Marchi Nicol Orsoni Giorgio Pelosi Marianna Pioli Francesco M. Restivo Dominga Rogolino Mirco Scaccaglia Olga Serra Giorgio Spadola Gaia C. V. Viola Ilaria Zerbini Claudia Zani 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(9)
The control of the fungal contamination on crops is considered a priority by the sanitary authorities of an increasing number of countries, and this is also due to the fact that the geographic areas interested in mycotoxin outbreaks are widening. Among the different pre- and post-harvest strategies that may be applied to prevent fungal and/or aflatoxin contamination, fungicides still play a prominent role; however, despite of countless efforts, to date the problem of food and feed contamination remains unsolved, since the essential factors that affect aflatoxins production are various and hardly to handle as a whole. In this scenario, the exploitation of bioactive natural sources to obtain new agents presenting novel mechanisms of action may represent a successful strategy to minimize, at the same time, aflatoxin contamination and the use of toxic pesticides. The Aflatox® Project was aimed at the development of new-generation inhibitors of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus spp. proliferation and toxin production, through the modification of naturally occurring molecules: a panel of 177 compounds, belonging to the thiosemicarbazones class, have been synthesized and screened for their antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic potential. The most effective compounds, selected as the best candidates as aflatoxin containment agents, were also evaluated in terms of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and epi-genotoxicity to exclude potential harmful effect on the human health, the plants on which fungi grow and the whole ecosystem. 相似文献
29.
Caroline K. Brennan Marya Y. Ornelas Zi W. Yao Prof. Dr. Jennifer A. Prescher 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2021,22(16):2650-2654
Bioluminescent tools have been used for decades to image processes in complex tissues and preclinical models. However, few distinct probes are available to probe multicellular interactions. We and others are addressing this limitation by engineering new luciferases that can selectively process synthetic luciferin analogues. In this work, we explored naphthylamino luciferins as orthogonal bioluminescent probes. Three analogues were prepared using an optimized synthetic route. The luciferins were found to be robust emitters with native luciferase in vitro and in cellulo. We further screened the analogues against libraries of luciferase mutants to identify unique enzyme-substrate pairs. The new probes can be used in conjunction with existing bioluminescent tools for multi-component imaging. 相似文献
30.
Gang Li Dan I. Enache Jennifer Edwards Albert F. Carley David W. Knight Graham J. Hutchings 《Catalysis Letters》2006,110(1-2):7-13
The oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde has been investigated in the absence of solvent using zeolite-supported Au
and Au–Pd catalysts. Three zeolites were investigated, ZSM-5, zeolite β and zeolite Y, and these were contrasted with the
titanoslicalite TS-1 and TiO2 as supports. For the Au catalysts the best results are obtained with zeolite β as the support and the conversions were comparable
or better than those observed with TiO2 in terms of turn over frequencies. However, the selectivities observed with the acidic zeolites were lower than the non-acidic
TS-1 and TiO2. This is due to the subsequent reaction of benzaldehyde via acid catalysed reactions to give benzyl benzoate and its dibenzyl
acetal, and, in some cases dibenzylether. Initial catalysts were evaluated with a gold loading of 2 wt% and increasing this
to 4 wt% showed the expected increase in activity, indicating that there is scope to improve the performance of these catalysts.
The most active catalysts were prepared by impregnation and catalysts prepared by deposition precipitation were considerably
less active. Introduction of Pd into the catalyst improved the activity without significantly affecting the selectivity. 相似文献