Higher-order model of resilience in the Canadian forces.

Psychological resilience is an important construct for those who work in high-stress, potentially traumatic occupations. Using data collected as part of the Canadian Forces (CF) Recruit Health Questionnaire (RHQ), structural equation modelling analyses were performed to test the fit of a model of resilience comprised of several intrapersonal resilience factors (i.e., Big Five personality traits, dispositional affect, dispositional optimism, hardiness, mastery, self-esteem) and one interpersonal resilience factor (i.e., social support). An initial model showed that all lower-order intrapersonal variables loaded significantly onto a higher-order intrapersonal resilience latent factor, and that this factor was significantly correlated with social support. However, the strong intercorrelations between a few of the intrapersonal variables pointed to some redundancy. Based on empirical data and on a conceptual analysis, an alternative, more parsimonious model of resilience was developed. This model consisted of the Big Five personality traits, positive affect, and mastery as lower-order factors of dispositional resilience, which was hypothesised to be correlated with social support. This analysis is an important first step to developing an approach to conceptualise and measure resilience. One benefit of being able to assess resilience is that doing so can inform the development of programs to enhance mental health, readiness and recovery. However, more research is needed to understand the processes through which these psychological factors influence occupational as well as health outcomes before relevant policies may be developed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Extension of the simulated drinking game procedure to multiple drinking games.

The present study extended the Simulated Drinking Game Procedure (SDGP) to obtain information about different types of drinking games. Phase I participants (N = 545) completed online screening questionnaires assessing substance use and drinking game participation. Participants who met the selection criteria for Phase II (N = 92) participated in laboratory sessions that consisted of three different periods of drinking game play. Sixty-two percent (N = 57) of the sample was female. Data from these sessions was used to estimate the peak Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) a participant would achieve if they consumed alcohol while participating in the SDGP. Total consumption and estimated BAC varied as a function of game type. The total consumption and estimated BAC obtained while playing Beer Pong and Memory varied significantly as a function of group. Total ounces consumed while playing Three Man varied significantly as a function of group; however, the variation in estimated BAC obtained while playing Three Man was not significant. Results indicated that estimated BACs were higher for female participants across game type. Previous experience playing the three drinking games had no impact on total drink consumption or estimated BAC obtained while participating in the SDGP. The present study demonstrated that the SDGP can be used to generate estimates of how much alcohol is consumed and the associated obtained BAC during multiple types of drinking games. In order to fully examine whether previous experience factors in to overall alcohol consumption and BAC, future research should extend the SDGP to incorporate laboratory administration of alcohol during drinking game participation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sub-Compartmental Organization of Golgi-Resident N-Glycan Processing Enzymes in Plants

In all eukaryotes, the Golgi apparatus is the main site of protein glycosylation. It is widely     

Why seeking help from teammates is a blessing and a curse: A theory of help seeking and individual creativity in team contexts.

Research has not explored the extent to which seeking help from teammates positively relates to a person's own creativity. This question is important to explore as help seeking is commonly enacted in organizations and may come with reciprocation costs that may also diminish creativity. Results based on 291 employees in a single division of a large multinational organization revealed that seeking help predicted creativity and mediated the relationship between intrinsic motivation and creativity. However, help seekers also incurred reciprocation costs in that they tended to give more help to teammates, and giving help to teammates was negatively related to creativity. In general, giving higher levels of help attenuated the positive relationship between help seeking and creativity. We also tested an integrated model to show that help giving moderated the mediated relationship between intrinsic motivation and creativity via help seeking, such that higher levels of help giving attenuated this mediated effect. We discuss theoretical and practical implications recommending additional research regarding the interpersonal creative process in team contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Implementation of evidence-based substance use disorder continuing care interventions.

Continuing care following initial substance use disorder treatment often is associated with improved treatment outcomes and evidence-based interventions (EBIs) have been developed in this area. However, rates of patient participation in continuing care treatment and mutual help groups (MHGs) are low and a large gap exists between the existing EBIs and actual clinical care. This paper uses the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR; Damschroder et al., 2009) to review the literature on continuing care treatment and monitoring, and mutual help-group promotion. Although existing research provides implications for implementing EBIs in continuing care, few direct implementation trials have been conducted. This literature indicates that EBIs in continuing care have been successfully modified for different settings, that they can be delivered using different modalities (e.g., individual, group, and telephone-based care), and that low cost options are available. Additionally, much is known about the differential effectiveness of continuing care with different populations that may guide treatment programs and providers in selecting the most effective interventions for their clients. One significant barrier to successful implementation of EBIs for continuing care is the lack of information about incentives for providing continuing care across what in the CFIR terminology is a program's outer setting (i.e., external economic, political, and social setting), and its inner setting (i.e., internal political, structural, and cultural contexts). Implications for implementation of EBIs in substance use disorder continuing care are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Technology and independent practice: Survey findings and implications.

Today's rapid rate of technology change introduces both opportunities and challenges for psychologists. A Technology and Practice Questionnaire was sent to 1000 psychologists in independent practice, half of whom were contacted by e-mail and the other half by U.S. mail. A total of 237 of the 433 deliverable surveys sent by U.S. mail were returned (54.7% response rate), but only 49 of the 458 deliverable surveys sent by e-mail (12.9% response rate). Respondents were asked to rate the frequency of 51 behaviors in their practice and to indicate whether the behavior is ethical. The results suggest a relatively low rate of technology use among independent practitioners and a high degree of ethical uncertainty regarding the use of various technologies in practice. Implications for training and practice are considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Factor structure of the BASC-2 Behavioral and Emotional Screening System Student Form: Correction to Dowdy et al. (2011).

Reports an error in Factor structure of the BASC–2 Behavioral and Emotional Screening System Student Form by E. Dowdy, et al. (Psychological Assessment. np). There was an omission in the author note. The author note should have included a disclosure as follows, “Randy W. Kamphaus wishes to disclose a potential conflict of interest in that he receives a portion of royalties on net sales of BESS.” (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2011-04578-001.) The BASC–2 Behavioral and Emotional Screening System (BESS) Student Form (Kamphaus & Reynolds, 2007) is a recently developed youth self-report rating scale designed to identify students at risk for behavioral and emotional problems. The BESS Student Form was derived from the Behavior Assessment System for Children—Second Edition Self-Report of Personality (BASC–2 SRP; Reynolds & Kamphaus, 2004) using principal component analytic procedures and theoretical considerations. Using 3 samples, the authors conducted exploratory factor analyses (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) to understand the underlying factor structure of the BESS Student Form. The results of the EFA suggested that the SRP contained a 4-factor (i.e., Personal Adjustment, Inattention/Hyperactivity, Internalizing, School Problems) emergent structure, which was supported by CFA in 2 additional samples. Practical and research implications are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Steric Crowding Makes Challenging C(sp3)-F Reductive Eliminations Feasible

A high-yielding fluorination of (triphos)Pt-R(+) has been achieved using an array of F(+) sources, with XeF(2) yielding R-F in minutes. The C-F coupling proved to be a stereoretentive process that proceeds via a concerted reductive elimination from a putative dicationic Pt(IV) center. The larger the steric congestion of the (triphos)Pt-C(sp3) (+) complexes, the more efficient the fluorination, seemingly a result of sterically accelerated C-F reductive elimination along with simultaneous deceleration of its competing processes (β-H elimination).