Exact probability treatments of factorial designs.

An exact probability analysis of data which represent frequency of use in various response categories is described. The test can be generalized for any number of classifications and to any order interaction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Imagery mnemonic training in a patient with primary degenerative dementia.

A visual-imagery mnemonic was used as a memory training aid for a 66-year-old patient with primary degenerative dementia. Length of retention time was used as the primary outcome measure. The application of the mnemonic procedure extended the length of retention time for name-face recall from baseline. Performance gains were sustained at one month. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reactivity in infants: A cross-national comparison.

433 4-mo-old infants from Boston, Dublin, and Beijing were administered the same battery of visual, auditory, and olfactory stimuli to evaluate differences in levels of reactivity. The Chinese Ss were significantly less active, irritable, and vocal than the Boston and Dublin samples, with Boston Ss showing the highest level of reactivity. Data suggest the possibility of temperamental differences between Caucasian and Asian infants in reactivity to stimulation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A framework for performance-based design

The international competitiveness of the US construction industry is linked to its strategic ability to design and build quality projects. This means delivering facilities that satisfy all the needs of the client. Correct decision-making during design and construction planning is the best means for assuring a quality project. Performance-based design is a framework that enables the project team to approach the project delivery process systematically and provides basic principles for evaluating and comparing alternative solutions. The principles of axiomatic design (as previously advanced by Suh) and the concept of an interface index are key elements of the framework. Axiomatic design provides an operational structure for the design process as well as a set of basic principles or axioms for guiding each decision-maker. The interface index complements the design axioms by quantifying the effort associated with integrating the contributions of multiple decision-makers into a total system. Elements of the framework are demonstrated through application to an actual facility.     

Intelligence Tests on Trial: Another Judiciary Opinion.

Judge John F. Grady, in the Parents in Action on Special Education et al. v. Joseph P. Hannon et al. case, in July 1980 ruled that intelligence tests are not racially biased. Unlike federal Judge Robert F. Peckham, who had previously ruled in the Larrry P. case, in October 1979, that intelligence tests were racially biased, Judge Grady found that when used in conjunction with other criteria for determining an appropriate educational program for a child, intelligence tests do not violate black children's constitutional guarantees. It is apparent that higher courts will eventually have to decide on the extent to which individual intelligence tests are culturally biased. The author believes that the courts do not have a sufficient degree of knowledge to make accurate judgments about complex issues involving the interrelations of psychology, education, and sociology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The use of psychological and neuroendocrinological measurements in the study of stress.

Argues that stress is best measured by many measurements taken concurrently. The use of self-report, biochemical, behavioral, psychophysiological, and neuroendocrine measures is considered in detail. A multilevel research strategy, involving simultaneous assessment of psychological, behavioral, and physiological measurements is recommended in light of the "whole body" nature of the stress response. (99 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Patterns of change in treated psychoneurotic patients: A five-year follow-up investigation of the systematic preparation of patients for psychotherapy.

Evaluated the improvement and current mental status of 19 neurotic outpatients 5 yr. after participating in a psychotherapy study on the effects of role induction. It was found that differences between the experimental groups obtained immediately following treatment disappeared, and that all Ss exhibited significantly greater improvement after 5 yr. Results parallel those obtained in another 5-yr follow-up based on a similar patient sample. The nature and effect of differential treatment over long periods of time is discussed in terms of differential patient attrition, criteria of successful psychotherapy, and the influence of nonspecific factors in psychotherapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Fungal diversity in cow, goat and ewe milk

Knowledge of fungal diversity in the environment is poor compared with bacterial biodiversity. In this study, we applied the denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (D-HPLC) technique, combined with the amplification of the ITS1 region from fungal rDNA, for the rapid identification of major fungal species in 9 raw milk samples from cow, ewe and goat, collected at different periods of the year. A total of 27 fungal species were identified. Yeast species belonged to Candida, Cryptococcus, Debaryomyces, Geotrichum, Kluyveromyces, Malassezia, Pichia, Rhodotorula and Trichosporon genera; and mold species belonged to Aspergillus, Chrysosporium, Cladosporium, Engyodontium, Fusarium, Penicillium and Torrubiella genera. Cow milk samples harbored the highest fungal diversity with a maximum of 15 species in a single sample, whereas a maximum of 4 and 6 different species were recovered in goat and ewe milk respectively. Commonly encountered genera in cow and goat milk were Geotrichum candidum, Kluyveromyces marxianus and Candida spp. (C. catenulata and C. inconspicua); whereas Candida parapsilosis was frequently found in ewe milk samples. Most of detected species were previously described in literature data. A few species were uncultured fungi and others (Torrubiella and Malassezia) were described for the first time in milk.     

Redox and pH microenvironments within Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 biofilms reveal an electron transfer mechanism

The goal of this research was to quantify the variations in redox potential and pH in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 biofilms respiring on electrodes. We grew S. oneidensis MR-1 on a graphite electrode, which was used to accept electrons for microbial respiration. We modified well-known redox and pH microelectrodes with a built-in reference electrode so that they could operate near polarized surfaces and quantified the redox potential and pH profiles in these biofilms. In addition, we used a ferri-/ferrocyanide redox system in which electrons were only transferred by mediated electron transfer to explain the observed redox potential profiles in biofilms. We found that regardless of the polarization potential of the biofilm electrode, the redox potential decreased toward the bottom of the biofilm. In a fully redox-mediated control system (ferri-/ferrocyanide redox system), the redox potential increased toward the bottom when the electrode was the electron acceptor. The opposite behavior of redox profiles in biofilms and the redox-controlled system is explained by S. oneidensis MR-1 biofilms not being redox-controlled when they respire on electrodes. The lack of a significant variation in pH implies that there is no proton transfer limitation in S. oneidensis MR-1 biofilms and that redox potential profiles are not caused by pH.