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141.
The spallation target model of an accelerator driven system (ADS), consisting of six 5 cm thick and 16 cm in diameter Pb segments, was constructed. Three sets of 17 Bi samples (1/2 inch in diameter and 1 mm thick) were placed in 3 Pb disc-shaped holders inside the target at 5, 10 and 15 cm from its front. After irradiation with 660 MeV proton beam gamma-spectra of radioisotopes produced in Bi were collected several times for each sample with the use of HPGe detectors in order to identify the radioisotopes and to determine their absolute activities. Their spatial distributions were then compared with respective values obtained in the calculations made with the use of FLUKA and/or MCNPX code. A fair agreement with the experiment has been observed.  相似文献   
142.
The paper deals with the problem of minimizing the expected makespan in a two-machine flow shop with blocking and random job processing times. It is well known that it reduces to an instance of the traveling salesman problem (TSP). Assuming that the job processing times can be stochastically ordered on both machines, we show that the problem under study is equivalent to TSP on a permuted Monge matrix. This allows us to prove that it is NP-hard for the independently and exponentially distributed job processing times, and identify a new class of efficiently solvable special cases.  相似文献   
143.
The influence of interaction between mineral components in natural mixtures on the adsorption of organic and inorganic species on the mineral surfaces is recognized. However, the surface phenomena have been meagerly investigated. In this study the formation of different surface species of surfactant (amyl xanthate, C5H11OC(S)S-) adsorbed on FeS2, PbS, and CuFeS2 has been spectroscopically investigated in single-mineral and complex systems. The type and amount of adsorbed species were determined directly on each mineral surface by infrared external reflection spectroscopy. Galvanic interaction between grains of different minerals could have tremendous consequence on the adsorption of surfactants on each mineral component and their future reactivity. The detected changes are dramatic, from no adsorption to the formation of several layers of hydrophobic or hydrophilic surface products depending on which minerals are in contact. It has been documented that even very short contact time between different mineral grains by collision is sufficient to produce dramatic modification of the surface composition and structure. The results obtained indicate clearly that the observations and conclusions aboutthe surfactant adsorption made in a single mineral system cannot be simply extrapolated to describe the real situation in natural multicomponent mineral systems. The obtained information on sulfide mineral interaction in complex systems is indispensable to understand processes taking place in nature at mineral-water interfaces (dissolution of heavy metals). An additional benefit is the improved ability to design efficient separation processes of these minerals.  相似文献   
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The adsorption of acetic acid has been studied on platinum, gold and rhodium electrodes from aqueous electrolytes. On the platinum electrode, the evidences have been presented that in the double layer region of the electrode potentials: (i) the undissociated acetic acid molecule is adsorbed, (ii) the adsorption process is reversible and (iii) the adsorption occurs in the second ad-layer of the interfacial region, ie on the top of the chemisorbed water molecules. In the hydrogen region, the slow (reductive) chemisorption of this compound has been observed.The similarity in the character of the adsorption of acetic acid in the double layer region of the three electrodes investigated have been shown.  相似文献   
147.
An experimental study is presented on facilitated transport of cobalt(II) cations through a bulk liquid membrane containing di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA). The effects on the kinetics of cobalt(II) transport of stirring rate of the receiving phase and its acidity, mobile carrier (D2EHPA) concentration, emulsifier (Span 80) concentration, initial cobalt concentration, interfacial area, and membrane thickness have been investigated. It has been found that cobalt transport increased with both stirring of the receiving phase and its acidity, while the presence of emulsifier reduced this transport, particularly at the membrane/receiving phase interface. Moreover, the mean cobalt transport rate was practically independent of membrane/feed solution interfacial area (under experimental conditions), while this rate substantially increased with the initial cobalt concentration in aqueous feed solution.  相似文献   
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149.
The aim of these investigations was to determine the effect of the ratio % Mo to % W in the austenite of high-speed steels on the kinetics of its transformation under continuous cooling. The investigations were carried out on model alloys. Three CCT curves were drawn. Also the influence of cooling velocity on the volume fraction of retained austenite in high-speed steels was evaluated. It was determined that with the increase of the Mo content in the high-speed steel matrix the MS temperature decreases and the fraction of retained austenite increases, the development of the bainite transformation decreases and the stability of austenite increases in the range of diffusion transformations. With an increased cooling rate, the volume fraction of retained austenite decreases at first and then it increases. These changes are caused by the precipitation of carbides from undercooled austenite and can give rise to the differences in the content of retained austenite on the cross-section of quenched tools.  相似文献   
150.
The paper presents studies of the defect distribution, detected by the positron annihilation method in the subsurface zone (SZ) of copper samples after dry sliding wear. It takes advantage of a new experimental technique based on scanning of the positron implantation profile. It allowed us to detect the defect profile in copper to the depth of 200 μm in a nondestructive way and study isochronal annealing behavior of this profile. We determined that annealing induces a recrystallization process which runs faster close to the surface than in deeper regions. After sliding, the complete recrystallization of the substructure takes place at temperature c.a. 600 °C. Some changes in the defect structure begin at temperature c.a. 300 °C. The comparison of the temperature depth profile calculated theoretically with experimental results indicates that the role of the temperature rise in the asperity regions during sliding is negligible in the SZ constitution in the case studied.  相似文献   
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