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61.
Jerzy Szczygie? 《Computers & Chemical Engineering》2011,35(6):985-998
Analytical relations were derived for analyzing the selectivity of consecutive-parallel reactions occurring under conditions of the reforming process. With these relations it is also possible to determine how the shape of the catalyst grain, as well as the kinetic and diffusion phenomena that govern the process, affects the efficiency of the desired final products. 相似文献
62.
?ukasz Makowski Jerzy Ba?dyga 《Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification》2011,50(10):1035-1040
The way in which reagents are mixed can have a large influence on the product distribution of chemical reactions. To model effects of mixing on various scales on the course of chemical reactions the method of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of non-premixed, turbulent reactive flows of incompressible fluids is considered in this work. The subgrid modeling of chemical reaction is based on a beta distribution of the mixture fraction in combination with a conditional moment closure based on linear interpolation of local instantaneous reactant concentration values. The predictions obtained with LES are compared with experimental data for fast parallel chemical reactions, the fluid velocity measured using Particle Image Velocity (PIV) technique and the passive tracer concentration measured using the Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) technique. Predictions of the model based on LES are compared as well with results obtained using the non-equilibrium multiple-time-scale mixing model combined with a standard k-? model and employing similar conditional moment closure as LES, applied, however, at larger scale. All comparisons show a very good performance of the model based on LES. 相似文献
63.
Annamaria Duszová Radoslav Halgaš Marek Bľanda Pavol Hvizdoš František Lofaj Ján Dusza Jerzy Morgiel 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2013,33(12):2227-2232
WC–Co cemented carbide has been investigated using instrumented indentation with maximum applied loads from 0.1 to 10 mN. The hardness and indentation modulus of individual phases and the influence of crystallographic orientation of WC on the hardness and indentation modulus have been studied. The hardness of the Co binder was approximately 10 GPa and that of WC grains up to 50 GPa with relatively large scatter under the indentation load of 1 mN. Investigation of the role of crystallographic orientation of WC grains on hardness at 10 mN load revealed average values of HITbasal = 40.4 GPa (EITbasal = 674 GPa) and HITprismatic = 32.8 GPa (EItprismatic = 542 GPa), respectively. The scatter in the measured values at low indentation loads is caused by the effects of surface and sub-surface characteristics (residual stress, damaged region) and at higher loads by “mix-phase” volume below the indenter. 相似文献
64.
65.
Partial segregation of reagents occurs when reaction rates exceed mixing rates and frequently causes product distributions to be mixing-dependent. A simultaneous temperature segregation, whereby the temperature in a reaction zone differs from that in its surroundings, has rarely been considered when mixing reagents in the liquid phase. The Prandtl number is usually sufficiently small that engulfment, not thermal conduction, determines the local temperature. The engulfment model of micromixing can then be extended by a heat balance to specify this temperature. To evaluate this model, a new pair of fast competitive reactions (neutralisation and acetal hydrolysis) has been characterised thermochemically and kinetically. A Mettler RC1 calorimeter was operated under isothermal and adiabatic conditions with various stirrer speeds and HCl was slowly added to a mixture of NaOH and 2,2-dimethoxypropane. Measured hydrolysis yields compared quite well with the extended engulfment model, although temperature segregation was of minor importance. It was also unimportant in other reaction systems (simultaneous neutralisation and ester hydrolysis; diazo coupling) employed earlier to study micromixing. Suggestions for further work are made. 相似文献
66.
67.
A domain-of-influence theorem for an initial-boundary-value problem of thermoelasticity with one relaxation time, proposed by Lord and Schulman, is established. The theorem asserts that for a finite time t > 0 a pair (<φ, ), in which φ and are the thermoelastic potential and temperature, respectively, generates no thermoelastic disturbances outside a bounded domain Dt. 相似文献
68.
Synthesis of Ternary Titanium Aluminum Carbides Using Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis Technique 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Micha opaciski Jan Puszynski Jerzy Lis 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2001,84(12):3051-3053
Different ternary carbide phases, namely Ti3 AlC2 , Ti3 AlC, and Ti2 AlC, were successfully synthesized in a self-sustaining regime. Direct reactions among elemental powders of titanium, aluminum, and carbon are strongly exothermic, and the resulting reaction products consist of binary carbides and they are partially molten. The use of TiAl, instead of elemental titanium and aluminum, significantly reduces the combustion temperature. As a result, ternary titanium aluminum carbide phases are formed. In addition, the combustion-synthesized products are not sintered and easy to deagglomerate. Reaction conditions and X-ray diffraction patterns of different ternary phases formed in a self-sustaining regime are presented. 相似文献
69.
Abstract Using the asymptotic properties of Riemann-Liouville form, the intrinsic rate-based first and second laws of thermodynamics properties of fractional differintegro operator type constitutive representations are investigated by illustrating how the conservative and nonconservalive features of the response behavior interact under spectrally rich inputs. Due to the generality of the development, fractional operator representations of any order are considered. This includes the determination of the underlying features giving rise to frequency dependencies in the phasing and amplitude behavior and in this context the irreversible energy release rate process associated with fractional viscoelastic simulations. 相似文献
70.
Anna Kaźmierczak-Bałata Jerzy Bodzenta Dominika Trefon-Radziejewska 《International Journal of Thermophysics》2010,31(1):180-186
The use of a typical measuring cryostat with a standard temperature controller was proposed for investigation of the temperature
dependence of the thermal diffusivity of transparent samples. The basic idea is to use the cryostat heater to control the
mean sample temperature and to generate the thermal wave in it, simultaneously. Because of the relatively high thermal inertia
of the system, the measurements are carried out at frequencies not exceeding 50 mHz. The periodic temperature disturbance
in the sample was detected optically by the use of the mirage effect. The proposed method was used for determination of the
thermal diffusivity of yttrium aluminum garnet single crystals in a temperature range from 20 °C to 200 °C. 相似文献