Action-specific influences on distance perception: A role for motor simulation.

Perception is influenced by the perceiver's ability to perform intended actions. For example, when people intend to reach with a tool to targets that are just beyond arm's reach, the targets look closer than when they intend to reach without the tool (J. K. Witt, D. R. Proffitt, & W. Epstein, 2005). This is one of several examples demonstrating that behavioral potential affects perception. However, the action-specific processes that are involved in relating the person's abilities to perception have yet to be explored. Four experiments are presented that implicate motor simulation as a mediator of these effects. When a perceiver intends to perform an action, the perceiver runs a motor simulation of that action. The perceiver's ability to perform the action, as determined by the outcome of the simulation, influences perceived distance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Tool Use Affects Perceived Distance, But Only When You Intend to Use It.

Recent research demonstrates neurologic and behavioral differences in people's responses to the space that is within and beyond reach. The present studies demonstrated a perceptual difference as well. Reachability was manipulated by having participants reach with and without a tool. Across 2 conditions, in which participants either held a tool or not, targets were presented at the same distances. Perceived distances to targets within reach holding the tool were compressed compared with targets that were beyond reach without it. These results suggest that reachability serves as a metric for perception. The 3rd experiment found that reachability only influenced perceived distance when the perceiver intended to reach. These experiments suggest that the authors perceive the environment in terms of our intentions and abilities to act within it. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Interface Adhesion between 2D Materials and Elastomers Measured by Buckle Delaminations

2D systems have great promise as next generation electronic materials but require intimate knowledge of their interactions with their neighbors for device fabrication and mechanical manipulation. Although adhesion between 2D materials and stiff substrates such as silicon and copper has been measured, adhesion between 2D materials and soft polymer substrates remains difficult to characterize due to the large deformability of the polymer substrates. In this work, a buckling‐based metrology for measuring the adhesion energy between few layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) and soft elastomeric substrates is proposed and demonstrated. Due to large elastic mismatch, few layer MoS₂ flakes can form spontaneous wrinkles and buckle‐delaminations on elastomer substrates during exfoliation. MoS₂‐elastomer interface toughness can therefore be calculated from the buckle delamination profile measured by atomic force microscopy. The thickness of the MoS₂ flake is obtained by analyzing coexisting wrinkles on the same flake. Using this approach, adhesion of few layer MoS₂ to 10:1 Sylgard 184 polydimethylsiloxane is measured to be 18 ± 2 mJ m⁻², which is about an order of magnitude below graphene‐to‐stiff‐substrate adhesion. Finally, this simple methodology can be generalized to obtain adhesion energies between various combinations of 2D materials and deformable substrates.     

AP为三星电子西安芯片厂提供大宗特气和化学品输送系统

正2014年3月19日,空气产品公司(Air Products)宣布公司再次赢得了三星电子有限公司的一项重要合同,为后者在西安的芯片厂提供全套大宗特种气体以及化学品输送系统。根据合同,空气产品公司设计并建造大宗特种气体供应系统,并通过公司监督建造完工的管道连接该系统,为三星电子芯片厂的生产配送大宗特种气体,同时还为工厂内部提供高品质的特种气体输送设备和化学品输送设备。三星电子位于西安高新技术区的芯片厂是其在     

Not in the Mood? Affective State and Transactive Communication

This study expanded transactive memory theory by incorporating affective influences on processes that have been primarily examined through a cognitive lens. Drawing on J. P. Forgas' (1995) affect infusion model, the research developed a multilevel model of the role of individual‐ and group‐level state positive affect for individual transactive communication, operationalized as information seeking and sharing. A test of the model using 25 student groups showed that (a) both individual‐ and group‐level positive affect were positively related to individual volume of transactive communication; (b) affective homogeneity among members of a group had a significant relationship to information sharing, but not information seeking; and (c) the interaction between affective homogeneity and group positive affect did not impact either transactive communication process.     

Two-Angle Ratio Scattering (STAR) Method for Real-Time Measurement of Agglomerate Soot Concentration and Size: Experimental Measurements

The Scattering by Two-Angle Ratio (STAR) light scattering method described in this (and companion) article has been developed and tested on a range of gas turbine and diesel engines. Research literature on optical parameters has been used (without resorting to arbitrary calibrations) to predict values of the gas phase soot mass concentration, which are in good agreement with gravimetric measurements. More than 90 measurements for gas turbine and diesel engines are shown for both in situ and sampling configurations of STAR. Results are obtained for transient concentrations ranging from less than 1 μg/m³ to 100 mg/m³ at data rates up to 10 Hz. Absolute concentration comparisons with gravimetric measurements agree with an R ² correlation of 97% and have a precision of better than ±5%. These experimental results are consistent with the assumption that primary particle soot properties are nearly invariant for a wide range of engine operating conditions.