Women,peace and security state-of-art: a bibliometric analysis in social sciences based on SCOPUS database

To the best of our knowledge, there is no work that has focused on analysing the development of the scientific production on women, peace and security. The main objective of this paper is to cover this research gap through a bibliometric analysis, that covers 95 years (1918–2013), of articles published in peer-reviewed journals extracted from the SCOPUS database. Bibliometric indicators and laws have been applied to better understand the patterns that govern the scientific literature on this realm. A gender perspective has also been implemented in the analysis. The analysis provides quantitative results based on 321 articles published by 478 authors in 210 scientific journals. The data showed the high dispersion of the literature, both in terms of authors and journals focused on the topic, and a low level of collaboration among both authors and institutions. Regarding the research topic, half of the papers were related to the impact of conflict on civilians and civil society. The implementation of a gender perspective shows that most of the first, second and third authors of the papers are women. In terms of methodologies, qualitative methodologies are the most relevant and women are more prolific applying these methodology. In terms of geographical region of the research, most of the studies have been performed by authors from institutions in Anglo-Saxon countries, and most of the fieldwork has been focused on the United States and the main areas of conflict in the world throughout history. Finally, important research opportunities are identified.     

A novel infrared video surveillance system using deep learning based techniques

This paper presents a new, practical infrared video based surveillance system, consisting of a resolution-enhanced, automatic target detection/recognition (ATD/R) system that is widely applicable in civilian and military applications. To deal with the issue of small numbers of pixel on target in the developed ATD/R system, as are encountered in long range imagery, a super-resolution method is employed to increase target signature resolution and optimise the baseline quality of inputs for object recognition. To tackle the challenge of detecting extremely low-resolution targets, we train a sophisticated and powerful convolutional neural network (CNN) based faster-RCNN using long wave infrared imagery datasets that were prepared and marked in-house. The system was tested under different weather conditions, using two datasets featuring target types comprising pedestrians and 6 different types of ground vehicles. The developed ATD/R system can detect extremely low-resolution targets with superior performance by effectively addressing the low small number of pixels on target, encountered in long range applications. A comparison with traditional methods confirms this superiority both qualitatively and quantitatively.     

A view-invariant gait recognition algorithm based on a joint-direct linear discriminant analysis

This paper proposes a view-invariant gait recognition algorithm, which builds a unique view invariant model taking advantage of the dimensionality reduction provided by the Direct Linear Discriminant Analysis (DLDA). Proposed scheme is able to reduce the under-sampling problem (USP) that appears usually when the number of training samples is much smaller than the dimension of the feature space. Proposed approach uses the Gait Energy Images (GEIs) and DLDA to create a view invariant model that is able to determine with high accuracy the identity of the person under analysis independently of incoming angles. Evaluation results show that the proposed scheme provides a recognition performance quite independent of the view angles and higher accuracy compared with other previously proposed gait recognition methods, in terms of computational complexity and recognition accuracy.     

Lactose hydrolyzed milk powder: Thermodynamic characterization of the drying process

Industrial production of lactose hydrolyzed milk powder (LHMP) remains challenging. Due to the presence of the monosaccharides glucose and galactose, lactose-free powders tend to suffer stickiness, caking, and browning during drying and storage. We sought to find ideal conditions spray dryer inlet air temperature (θ_air,in) and concentrated milk flow rate (m_CM) for LHMP production. We tested θ_air,in settings of 115–160°C and m_CM of 0.3–1.5?kg?·?h^?1, and also applied mass and energetic balances. LHMP generally exhibited higher mass and energetic losses than the control (milk powder containing lactose), as a consequence of the relatively low dryability of LHMP. For a lab scale spray dryer, the ideal conditions settings for LHMP production were θ_air,in?=?145?±?2°C and m_CM?=?1.0?kg?·?h^?1, taking into account the mass yield and energetic cost (kJ?·?kg^?1 of powder) of the process. These ideal conditions are a potential tool for the industrial development of lactose-free dairy powders.     

Anisotropic growth of α-Fe2O3 nanostructures

In this work, we report on the anisotropic growth of $\alpha$-Fe₂O₃ nanoslabs which are produced by co-precipitation method with the addition of sucrose. In our previous work, we have argued that such behavior can be related with the chelating agent. Experiments of X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electronic microscopy (HRTEM) and magnetic measurements as a function of temperature and an applied magnetic field are used to characterize the samples. The HRTEM image of the sample prepared with 10 mmol/l of sucrose consists of faceted-like nanoslabs while that prepared without sucrose exhibits particles with a non-uniform shape. In this way, we can state that both the HRTEM images and the analysis of the XRD patterns show clearly a preferential growth of the [110] crystallographic direction. To strengthen our supposition, besides T- and field-dependence of magnetization are consistent with a superparamagnetic behavior the fit of the (Zero Field Cooling and Field Cooling) ZFC-FC curve for sample grown with 10 mmol/l of sucrose presents a strong increase of the effective anisotropy constant, ${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathit{eff}}$, which can be related with the increasing of the shape magnetic anisotropy.     

Terahertz-Induced Magnetoresistance Oscillations in High-Mobility 2D Electron Systems Under Bichromatic and Multichromatic Excitation

In this work, we investigated the magnetotransport under terahertz radiation in high-mobility two-dimensional electron systems, focusing on irradiation by bichromatic and multichromatic terahertz sources. We observed strong modulation of the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations at sufficient terahertz radiation power. We determined that the origin of the modulation was the interference between the average distance advanced by the scattered electrons between irradiated Landau states and the available initial density of states at a certain magnetic field. In the case of multifrequency illumination, we found that with the appropriate frequencies, the irradiated magnetoresistance could reach an almost zero-resistance state regime even at moderate radiation power.     

Protocatechuic acid ozonation in aqueous solutions

The oxidation of protocatechuic acid with ozone in aqueous solution has been studied varying the temperature, pH, ozone partial pressure and initial acid concentration. A stoichiometric ratio of 2 mol of ozone consumed per mol of protocatechuic acid reacted is deduced from homogeneous experiments in a discontinuous tank reactor.In the ozonation experiments, the influence of the operating variables was established and the kinetic regime of ozone absorption was shown to be fast and pseudo m-order with respect to ozone, except at pH 2, when the reaction develops in the moderate kinetic regime. After applying a mass transfer with chemical reaction model, the reaction orders are deduced and the kinetic rate constants are determined as a function of pH and temperature. A modified Arrhenius expression is proposed to correlate them.