Sorghum distillers dried grain lipid extract increases cholesterol excretion and decreases plasma and liver cholesterol concentration in hamsters

Grain sorghum is a rich source of phytochemicals. In this study, male hamsters were fed AIN-93M diets supplemented with a hexane-extractable lipid fraction from sorghum distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Diets contained 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 5.0% (w/w) DDGS lipid extract. After 4 wk, the 5.0% DDGS lipids group had significantly lower plasma non-HDL cholesterol and liver esterified cholesterol concentration. Faecal neutral sterol (i.e., cholesterol) excretion was significantly higher in the 5.0% DDGS lipids group compared to the other treatments (66% higher compared to controls). Bile acid excretion was not affected by DDGS lipid intake. Faecal cholesterol excretion was negatively correlated with liver cholesterol concentration (r = ?0.97, P = 0.026), and liver cholesterol concentration was directly correlated with plasma total cholesterol concentration (r = 0.96, P = 0.041). Thus, lipid extract of sorghum DDGS exhibited cholesterol-lowering properties due, at least in part, to increased cholesterol excretion from the body and could provide health benefits when incorporated into human diets.     

钙镁复合药剂处理洗煤废水的效果及作用机理研究

用CaCl2与MgS04复配出新的复合药剂,通过试验确定了适宜m(CaCl2):m(MgSO4)=1:1.采用正交实验确定了钙镁复合药剂与PAM联用处理洗煤废水的最佳组合条件,并通过生产性试验验证了实验室的试验结果.分析认为钙镁复合药剂对洗煤废水的混凝机理并不完全符合DLVO理论,它是多方面因素共同作用的结果.     

Mechanical properties of discontinuous fiber reinforced thermoplastics. II. Random-in-plane fiber orientation

The mechanical properties are presented for a series of discontinuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites made with random-in-plane fiber orientation. The matrix and fiber materials were chosen to provide a wide range of strength, modulus, ductility and adhesive properties. In many cases strong, rigid, yet tough composites were fabricated. Strength levels of over 20,000 psi and modulus values over 1,000,000 psi were reached in several systems reinforced with short Kevlar-49 and graphite fibers. A strong dependence of composite strength and modulus on fiber strength and modulus was noted indicating good transfer of load from matrix to reinforcement. Fiber efficiency factors for modulus and strength were calculated for the experimental composite systems and averaged 0.19 and 0.11 respectively. Data were analyzed using basic composite theory. Properties of the experimental composites could not be predicted from constituent properties.     

Cu2O催化甲醛乙炔化反应助剂效应

在液相还原法制备的纯Cu2O样品中,采用浸渍法分别引入Mg、Al、Fe助剂制备Cu2O-MgO、Cu2O-Al2O3、Cu2O-Fe2O3催化剂。采用XRD、FT-IR、TEM和H2-TPR等对催化剂进行表征,研究不同助剂的加入对甲醛乙炔化反应的影响。结果表明,不同助剂对催化剂的结晶度和可还原性能有较大影响,进而使甲醛乙炔化表现出不同的催化活性。相比MgO与Al2O3,Fe2O3的引入,使Cu2O结晶度明显下降,主要是由于Fe2O3与Cu2O之间产生强的相互作用,有利于乙炔亚铜活性物种的形成,从而表现出最优的催化性能。     

Extraction of Trivalent Rare Earths and Minor Actinides from Nitric Acid with N,N,N’,N’-Tetradodecyldiglycolamide (TDdDGA) by Using Mixer-Settler Extractors in a Hot Cell

Single-stage batch experiments to reveal the extraction properties of N,N,N’,N’-tetradodecyldiglycolamide (TDdDGA) for Y, La, Eu, Nd, and Am in nitric acid were carried out. The distribution ratios of Y, Eu, Nd, and Am exceeded 10 when the nitric acid concentration was 1–2 mol/dm³ (M), and the distribution ratio of La was 5.5 when the nitric acid concentration was 2 M. A continuous counter-current experiment using 0.1 M TDdDGA diluted with n-dodecane was performed using mixer-settler extractors installed in a hot cell. Nitric acid with a concentration of 2.1 M containing minor actinides (MAs: Am and Cm), rare earths (REs: Y, La, Nd, and Eu), and other fission products (Sr, Cs, Zr, Mo, Ru, Rh, and Pd) was fed to the extractor. TDdDGA effectively extracted MAs and REs from the feed, while other fission products were barely extracted. The extracted MAs and REs were back-extracted by bringing them in contact with 0.02 M nitric acid, and they were collected as the MA–RE fraction. The results indicated that more than 98% of Am and Cm in the feed were recovered in the MA–RE fraction. The proportions of Y, La, Nd, and Eu in the MA–RE fraction were 94.0%, 99.9%, 99.9%, and 86.9%, respectively.     

Oxidation processes in a silicon-boron-zirconium boride composite in the temperature range 1000–1300°C

Silicon, boron, and zirconium boride coatings on graphite have been obtained by thermal treatment of the initial components in air. During the course of the chemical reactions, a glass melt encapsulating (wrapping) the initial particles is formed, which makes it possible to create an air barrier preventing the diffusion of oxygen into the sample. The interactions between the components of the Si-B-ZrB₂ system with oxygen and the glass-forming melt have been investigated.     

Flotation Behavior,Collector Adsorption Mechanism of Quartz and Feldspar-Quartz Systems Using PEA as a Novel Green Collector

Silicon - A novel green cationic surfactant Poly (propylene glycol) bis (2-aminopropyl ether) (PEA) with multiple amine groups was utilized as a collector for flotation separation of quartz from...     

Experimental studies on phase equilibria of PEG-water-dextran/ammonium sulfate systems and partitioning of albumin into two water-continuous phases

The clouding points and equilibrium concentrations of PEG/dextran/water and PEG /ammonium sulfate/water systems were experimentally determined for different molecular weights of PEG by titration method and direct determination of concentrations. In phase diagrams of PEG-water with ammonium sulfate or dextran, the addition of salt or dextran induced the phase separation of PEG-rich phases near the PEG-lean phases having the different partitioning of PEG. The concentrations of PEG in PEG-rich phases increase as the amounts of PEG or salt and dextran increase, while the concentrations of PEG in aqueous media decrease in any cases. The higher the molecular weight of PEG has, the wider the two-phase regions are. In dextran DT10 systems, the partition coefficients of egg albumin into PEG-lean phases increase with concentrations of dextran and the molecular weight of PEG. In ammonium sulfate systems, the partitioning coefficients showed a maximum, having lower partitioning at the very high and low concentration of salts. It is also observed that as the amounts of albumin increase, the partitioning of albumin into PEG-lean phase increases.     

Ligand-binding domain of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) had the highest sensitivity and activity among FXR variants in a fluorescence-based assay

The farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4) has been recognized as an attractive therapeutic target because it is a nuclear hormone receptor that controls the expression level of cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase, which in turn regulates bile acid production and cholesterol excretion. To compare receptor activity between each domain and the full-length protein, human FXR cDNA was cloned from a human liver cDNA library. Three human FXR cDNA, designated FXR₂₀, FXR₃₃, and FXR₅₃ cDNA, were subcloned and ligated into a pET28a expression vector. Each protein was expressed in Escherichia coli (BL21) and purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid column chromatography. Approximately 5 mg of FXR₃₃ (1–182 amino acids deleted from FXR, 37 kDa) and 2 mg of FXR₅₃ (the full-length protein of FXR, 59 kDa) was purified from 1 L of Luria-Bertani culture, achieving at least 90% purity. The coactivator recruitment assay for FXR activation was carried out with the three variants of the FXR protein by using dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluoroimmunoassay-europium-N¹-labeled anti-His antibody. From an optimized assay, a saturated hyperbolic fluorescence signal curve was produced when 250 nM of FXR₃₃ and 100 nM of steroid receptor coactivator-1 peptide, a coactivator of FXR consisting of 26 amino acids, were used with a concentration dependence on chenodeoxycholic acid (from 0 to 200 μM). The ligand-binding domain of FXR (FXR₃₃) was the most suitable protein for studying the activation of FXR with a fluorescence-based assay, because it showed better structural stability than either the full length of FXR (FXR₅₃) or the DNA-binding domain of FXR (FXR₂₀).     

改性磁铁矿的制备及其对水中磷的吸附

用硝酸钙和氯化镧对磁铁矿进行改性,考察不同初始浓度、pH、作用时间对含磷废水的吸附效果,进而分析其吸附等温线及动力学特性。结果表明:Langmuir等温吸附方程能很好地描述其等温吸附特性,未改性、硝酸钙改性、氯化镧改性的磁铁矿对磷的吸附饱和量分别为0.068、0.409、2.157 mg/g;未改性、硝酸钙改性、氯化镧改性的磁铁矿分别在pH为12、pH为8~12、pH为4~10时,对磷的吸附效果较好;氯化镧改性磁铁矿对磷的去除率达95%以上且其吸附过程符合二级吸附动力学方程。