Collaborative Action of Microglia and Astrocytes Mediates Neutrophil Recruitment to the CNS to Defend against Escherichia coli K1 Infection

Escherichia coli K1 is a leading cause of neonatal bacterial meningitis. Recruitment of neutrophils to the central nervous system (CNS) via local immune response plays a critical role in defense against E. coli K1 infection; however, the mechanism underlying this recruitment remains unclear. In this study, we report that microglia and astrocytes are activated in response to stimulation by E. coli K1 and/or E. coli K1-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and work collaboratively to drive neutrophil recruitment to the CNS. Microglial activation results in the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, which activates astrocytes, resulting in the production of CXCL1, a chemokine critical for recruiting neutrophils. Mice lacking either microglia or TNF-α exhibit impaired production of CXCL1, impaired neutrophil recruitment, and an increased CNS bacterial burden. C-X-C chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2)-expressing neutrophils primarily respond to CXCL1 released by astrocytes. This study provides further insights into how immune responses drive neutrophil recruitment to the brain to combat E. coli K1 infection. In addition, we show that direct recognition of E. coli K1 by microglia is prevented by the K1 capsule. This study also reveals that OMVs are sufficient to induce microglial activation.     

行销规律在电力营销工作中的应用探讨

分析了行销规律与电力营销工作的共性,找出该规律与电力营销工作的结合点,并将其应用在电力营销工作中,以促进、拓展供电企业电力营销工作的范围与空间,增强企业竞争实力。     

Superhydrophobic Paper-Based Microfluidic Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor Functionalized with Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube and DNAzyme for Hypocalcemia Diagnosis

Hypocalcemia is caused by a sharp decline in blood calcium concentration after dairy cow calving, which can lead to various diseases or even death. It is necessary to develop an inexpensive, easy-to-operate, reliable sensor to diagnose hypocalcemia. The cellulose-paper-based microfluidic field-effect biosensor is promising for point-of-care, but it has poor mechanical strength and a short service life after exposure to an aqueous solution. Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS), as a popular organosilane derivative, can improve the hydrophobicity of cellulose paper to overcome the shortage of cellulose paper. In this work, OTS was used to produce the superhydrophobic cellulose paper that enhances the mechanical strength and short service life of MFB, and a microfluidic field-effect biosensor (MFB) with semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and DNAzyme was then developed for the Ca²⁺ determination. Pyrene carboxylic acid (PCA) attached to SWNTs through a non-covalent π-π stacking interaction provided a carboxyl group that can bond with an amino group of DNAzyme. Two DNAzymes with different sensitivities were designed by changing the sequence length and cleavage site, which were functionalized with SPFET/SWNTs-PCA to form Dual-MFB, decreasing the interference of impurities in cow blood. After optimizing the detecting parameters, Dual-MFB could determine the Ca²⁺ concentration in the range of 25 μM to 5 mM, with a detection limit of 10.7 μM. The proposed Dual-MFB was applied to measure Ca²⁺ concentration in cow blood, which provided a new method to diagnose hypocalcemia after dairy cow calving.     

High-pseudocapacitance of porous and square NiO@NC nanosheets for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Layered nickel oxides have been focused with intense research interests as high-performance lithium-ion batterie(LIB) anode.However,it is hard to obtain few layered nickel oxides material directly as it easily forms bulk material with the strong interaction between the interlayer.In this work,two-dimensional(2 D) nickel-based coordination polymers were successfully prepared according to aqueous phase copolymerization approach.And then uniform carbondoped NiO nanosheets were successfully obtained from facile solution assembly and post-thermal treatment.The detailed electrochemical testing shows that the uniform NiO nanocrystals encapsulated into porous N-doped carbon(NiO@NC) nanosheets present much higher rate capability with the discharge specific capacity of 782.7 mAh·g~(-1) at high current density of 2.0 A·g~(-1) than pure NiO(690 mAh·g~(-1)).It also shows long-term cycling performance with 91 % retention after 50 cycles at 1.0 A·g~(-1).The high rate capability,cycling stability and the easy synthesis make NiO@NC nanosheets as a promising candidate for LIB anode and build up new way for the fabrication of metal oxides anode materials.     

Biomimetic Nanosponges Enable the Detoxification of Vibrio vulnificus Hemolysin

Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) infection-associated multiple antibiotic resistance has raised serious public health concerns. Recently, nanosponges (NSs) have been expected to provide innovative platforms for addressing antibacterial and drug-resistant challenges by targeting various pore-forming toxins (PFTs). In the present study, we constructed NSs to explore the effects and possible mechanism of recombinant V. vulnificus hemolysin (rVvhA)-induced injuries. In vitro, NSs significantly reversed rVvhA-induced apoptosis and necrosis, and improved toxin-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion, and apoptosis signaling pathway disruption. To explore the clinical translation potential of NSs, we established VvhA-induced septicemia and wound infection mouse models, respectively, and further found NSs could notably attenuate rVvhA-induced acute toxicity and septicemia-associated inflammation, as well as local tissue damage. In a conclusion, NSs showed excellent protective effects against rVvhA-induced toxicity, thus providing useful insights into addressing the rising threats of severe V. vulnificus infections.     

船用热轧球扁钢的研制与开发

安钢根据市场需求,通过合理的工艺设计及严密的生产组织,研制开发出船用热轧球扁钢。产品力学性能、几何尺寸和表面质量等完全达到国标GB9945—2001及ABS、CCS、BV、LR、GL等五国船规技术要求。     

伪三色LED图文显示屏的设计及实现

介绍由８０３１单片机控制的伪三色ＬＥＤ图文显示屏的构成,硬件结构和抗干扰措施。     

鞍山市中年人消费观念分析

本文通过对鞍山市中年人消费观念的调查,运用SPSS因子分析方法,总结了他们的消费类型,时商家、企业以及销售商具有参考价值。     

Diagnosability of crossed cubes under the comparison diagnosismodel

Diagnosability of a multiprocessor system is an important study topic in the parallel processing area. As a hypercube variant, the crossed cube has many attractive properties. The diameter, wide diameter and fault diameter of it are all approximately half those of the hypercube. The power with which the crossed cube simulates trees and cycles is stronger than the hypercube. Because of these advantages, the crossed cube has attracted much attention from researchers. In this paper, we show that the n-dimensional crossed cube is n-diagnosable under a major diagnosis model-the comparison diagnosis model proposed by Malek and Maeng (1981) if n ⩾ 4. According to this, the polynomial algorithm presented by Sengupta and Dahbura (1992) may be used to diagnose the n-dimensional crossed cube, provided that the number of the faulty nodes in the n-dimensional crossed cube does not exceed n. The conclusion also indicates that the diagnosability of the n-dimensional crossed cube is the same as that of the n-dimensional hypercube when n ⩾ 5 and better than that of the n-dimensional hypercube when n = 4