基于秩相关的属性约简

针对有序尺度变量,给出了有序信息系统与有序决策表在优势关系下的粗糙集约简定义;利用粗糙集方法将对象综合排序,进而得到一组秩;根据这些秩,运用非参数统计的思想研究了两个属性子集之间的相关性,并将Spearman秩相关系数作为属性相关性度量;在不改变总体序信息情况下,给出了基于此度量对有序信息系统与有序决策表进行约简的新方法。最后通过数值例子说明该方法是可行的,且为粗糙集方法提供了统计依据。     

面向用户的空间拓扑关联规则挖掘

在挖掘空间拓扑关联规则时,由于现有挖掘算法不能够提取满足用户特定需求的空间拓扑关联规则,若使用传统约束性关联规则挖掘算法,则存在大量的重复计算和冗余候选项;提出一种面向用户的空间拓扑关联规则挖掘算法,其适合在多空间关系模式下,挖掘满足用户特定需求的拓扑关联。该算法通过拓扑关系编码法将空间关系事务转换成整数,用非目标自由空间对象类的集合序列数值递增的方法,索引构建候选频繁项,并用布尔运算计算支持数。在挖掘满足用户特定需求的空间拓扑关联规则时,该算法是快速而有效的。     

On multi-view video segmentation for object-based coding

A novel scheme for multi-view segmentation and tracking is proposed aiming to acquire perceptually consistent results for object-based coding. Firstly, a classic image segmentation technique is employed to perform initial segmentation to divide the whole image into spatially homogeneous regions. Secondly, the motion information is extracted based on frame differences and the disparity information is derived by employing a classic disparity estimation technique. Thirdly, a novel scheme is proposed to perform merging of the initial segmentation results based on both motion and disparity information to remove over-segmented regions and extract perceptually consistent semantic objects. Finally, a contour-based tracking algorithm is proposed to implement accurate and robust object tracking along both temporal and view directions. Experiments are conducted and the results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is effective and, compared with the existing technique, it can acquire more perceptually consistent results.     

Dynamical characteristics of fluid-conveying microbeams actuated by electrostatic force

In this paper, the dynamic characteristics and pull-in instability of electrostatically actuated microbeams which convey internal fluids are investigated. A theoretical model is developed by considering the elastic structure, laminar flow and electrostatic field to characterize the dynamic behavior. In addition, the energy dissipation induced by the fluid viscosity is studied through analyzing the fluid–structure interactions between the laminar fluid flow and oscillating microbeam by comprehensively considering the effects of velocity profile and fluid viscosity. The results indicate that the system is subjected to both the pull-in instability and the fluid-induced instability. It is demonstrated that as the flow velocity increases, both the static pull-in voltage and the dynamic one decrease for clamped–clamped microbeams while increase for clamped-free microbeams. It is also shown that the applied voltage and the steady flow can adjust the resonant frequency. The perturbation viscous flow caused by the vibration of microbeam is manifested to result in energy dissipation. The quality factor decreases with the increment of both the mode order and flow velocity. However, when the oscillating flow dominates, the flow velocity has no obvious effect.     

从软件工程的发展看软件自动化*

本文对软件工程方法学发展各个阶段主要的方法论做了简单的评述，并展望了软件工程今后发展的方向，同时举例说明了以此为指导思想进行软件自动构造的方法．     

基于CPU和GPU异构的蛋白质分子半柔性对接算法优化

分子对接是预测蛋白质复合物的有效手段。对于分子对接算法的优化旨在加速分子对接效率,降低计算成本,以及充分发挥计算资源的利用率。本文主要采用3个方案对半柔性对接算法进行优化：（1）方案一在CPU端进行优化;（2）方案二在方案一的基础上,利用CUFFT的移植工具CUFFTW为方案一提供部分GPU并行接口;（3）方案三利用GPU并行架构,通过CPU和GPU的协同处理,利用纯并行计算接口进行优化。3种方案对PDB code分别为1PEE,1B6C,4HX3和2SNI的测试蛋白进行结合态和自由态的对接,求得的最小均方根偏差L_RMSD小于5 Å,满足了复合物结构预测竞赛要求的中等精度结构标准,验证了对接结果的正确性。最后在保证结果正确性的前提下,测试了不同蛋白在不同方案下的运行速率;在保证不同蛋白对接效率相同的前提下,以1PPE为例,比较了不同方案下的对接速率。实验结果表明在同等旋转步长并保证程序运行结果正确性的前提下,最终的优化效果可提速近10倍,有效改进了半柔性对接算法的运行速率。     

NIR-Triggered Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Photodynamic Therapy Based on Mesoporous Silica-Coated LiYF4 Upconverting Nanoparticles

To date, the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production for effectual photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment still remains challenging. In this study, a facile and effective approach is utilized to coat mesoporous silica (mSiO₂) shell on the ligand-free upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) based on the LiYF₄ host material. Two kinds of mesoporous silica-coated UCNPs (UCNP@mSiO₂) that display green emission (doped with Ho³⁺) and red emission (doped with Er³⁺), respectively, were successfully synthesized and well characterized. Three photosensitizers (PSs), merocyanine 540 (MC 540), rose bengal (RB), and chlorin e6 (Ce6), with the function of absorption of green or red emission, were selected and loaded into the mSiO₂ shell of both UCNP@mSiO₂ nanomaterials. A comprehensive study for the three UCNP@mSiO₂/PS donor/acceptor pairs was performed to investigate the efficacy of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), ROS generation, and in vitro PDT using a MCF-7 cell line. ROS generation detection showed that as compared to the oleate-capped and ligand-free UCNP/PS pairs, the UCNP@mSiO₂/PS nanocarrier system demonstrated more pronounced ROS generation due to the UCNP@mSiO₂ nanoparticles in close vicinity to PS molecules and a higher loading capacity of the photosensitizer. As a result, the three LiYF₄ UCNP@mSiO₂/PS nanoplatforms displayed more prominent therapeutic efficacies in PDT by using in vitro cytotoxicity tests.     

LaO_x(OH)_y supported platinum catalysts for CO oxidation:Deactivation by formation of lanthanum carbonate

Platinum catalyst for CO oxidation has been studied for decades,due to its high activity and good stability.In this work,we prepared three different lantha num oxide or hydroxide supports(LaO_x(OH)_y),and deposited platinum(Pt) with 0.5 at% via an impregnation approach to synthesize Pt/LaO_x(OH)_y catalysts.However,we find that these catalysts perform a poor stability for the CO oxidation reaction.The fresh and used samples were comprehensively characterized by multiple techniques including power X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray absorption fine structure(XAFS),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),temperature-programmed reduction by carbon monoxide(CO-TPR) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),to demonstrate that the oxidized platinum atoms or clusters,without any component of Pt-Pt metallic bond,are highly dispersed on the surface of LaO_x(OH)_y.Furthermore,the as-formed lanthanum carbonate(La₂O₂CO₃) during the exposure to ambient circumstances or in the reaction atmosphere of CO+O₂,severely impair the reactivity of Pt/LaO_x(OH)_y.On the basis of the obtained experimental results,we have drawn a conclusion that the oxidized P_tO_x atoms or PtxOy clusters are the active species for CO oxidation,while the formation of lanthanum carbonate is the origin of deactivation on reactivity.