Impact of additive noise on system performance of a digital X-ray imaging system

The impact of additive noise on the performance of a digital X-ray imaging system was investigated. The X-ray system is uniquely designed for small animal studies with a focal spot of 20 microm and an adjustable source-to-object distance for radiography. The noise power spectrum and the detective quantum efficiency of this system were measured. The additive noise increased rapidly when the exposure time exceeded a certain range, since the charge-coupled devices of the detector had no cooling system. The noise power spectrum for the additive noise and the noise of the entire imaging system were studied and compared at different exposure times. The detective quantum efficiency was also measured at different exposure times. It was observed that for exposure times less than 10 s, the detective quantum efficiency ((DQE)(0)) is approximately 0.26, dropping to 0.13 at 4 lp/mm and to 0.026 at 8 lp/mm. However, when the exposure exceeds a certain limit (10 s in this study), the rapidly increased additive noise caused the system to be no longer quantum noise limited, resulting in a decreased detective quantum efficiency and a degraded system performance. For example, at an exposure of 20 s, the DQE(O) is approximately 0.22, dropping to 0.11 at 3 lp/mm and to 0.022 at 8 lp/mm.     

A low power 3.125 Gbps CMOS analog equalizer for serial links

A CMOS analog equalizer is designed to meet the different high speed communication specifications,such as USB 2.0,PCI-E and rapid IO.The proposed circuit architecture could facilitate the wide frequency scale ranging from 1 to 3.125 Gbps by adjusting the locations of pole and zero,so that the circuit can change its response accordingly as the channel characteristic alters.In order to balance the parasitic capacitors in the internal point,symmetric switches are addressed to generate the equal load for dif...     

无接触智慧云测温系统

由于海外愈加严重的疫情形势以及传播能力更强的新冠病毒变异毒株,我国的复工复产复学面临着严峻的考验.在新冠病毒的常态化防控中,体温测量是最简单而且最有效途径.然而传统的水银体温计测量需要耗费过长的时间且因接触需要反复消毒,体温枪又无法对测量的体温数据进行记录保存.本系统以STC8A8K64S4A12单片机为核心,MLX9...     

一种具有角速度量测的多站无源目标跟踪方法

为提高多站无源目标跟踪系统的跟踪性能,将无源目标跟踪系统获取的目标角速度测量表示为目标在笛卡尔坐标系下位置与速度的非线性形式,进而提出了一种同时利用目标角度和角速度量测来提高被动跟踪精度的方法。结合Cramer-Rao下界理论,分析了在利用角速度量测信息后无源目标跟踪系统跟踪性能的改善情况。基于不敏卡尔曼非线性状态估计方法,给出了具有角速度多站无源跟踪方法的一种具体实现流程。仿真与试验结果表明,具有角速度量测的无源跟踪系统具有更优目标运动参数的估计精度。     

CPW-fed circular slot antenna with slit back-patch for 2.4/5 GHz dual-band operation

A circular slot antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) is proposed for dual-band operations. Dual frequency bands that cover the 2.4 GHz (2400-2484 MHz) and 5 GHz (5150-5825 MHz) bands were obtained by embedding a pair of slits in the circular back-patch that is printed on the backside of the substrate and concentric with the circular slot. This design resulted in broadside far-field patterns with low cross-polarisation levels in both frequency bands and a small antenna size of 40/spl times/40 mm with the ground plane regarded as part of the antenna structure.     

A Materials Perspective on Direct Recycling of Lithium-Ion Batteries: Principles,Challenges and Opportunities

As the dominant means of energy storage technology today, the widespread deployment of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) would inevitably generate countless spent batteries at their end of life. From the perspectives of environmental protection and resource sustainability, recycling is a necessary strategy to manage end-of-life LIBs. Compared with traditional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical recycling methods, the emerging direct recycling technology, rejuvenating spent electrode materials via a non-destructive way, has attracted rising attention due to its energy efficient processes along with increased economic return and reduced CO₂ footprint. This review investigates the state-of-the-art direct recycling technologies based on effective relithiation through solid-state, aqueous, eutectic solution and ionic liquid mediums and thoroughly discusses the underlying regeneration mechanism of each method regarding different battery chemistries. It is concluded that direct regeneration can be a more energy-efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable way to recycle spent LIBs compared with traditional approaches. Additionally, it is also identified that the direct recycling technology is still in its infancy with several fundamental and technological hurdles such as efficient separation, binder removal and electrolyte recovery. In addressing these remaining challenges, this review proposes an outlook on potential technical avenues to accelerate the development of direct recycling toward industrial applications.     

基于FPGA的虚拟电源的研究与实现

设计了以FPGA为核心控制芯片的虚拟电源系统。实现了虚拟电源的硬件平台和软件系统,包括控制开关模块、电压采集模块、电压输出模块、电压自调整模块、UART模块、数值转换模块等。系统利用UART与上位机实现通信,通过控制AD5662和TPS5450芯片输出设定电压,并实时地从AD7699芯片处获得实际输出电压值,通过自调整模块使电压稳定在设定值的附近。电压测试范围从2.6V到4.2V,当系统不带负载时,输出电压的纹波小于10mV,当输出电流为1A时,输出电压纹波小于20mV。     

基于恒流二极管（CRD）的运算放大器低功耗研究

基于CRD对741双极型通用集成运放进行改进研究,通过CRD替代双极型集成运算放大器（OPAMP）输入级及偏置电路中做为恒流源的双极型器件,并利用Multisim 10和Cadence进行设计与仿真。结果表明,当电源电压改变时,双极型运算放大器输入级电流在0．290 mA到0．433 mA变化,而基于CRD的差分输入级电流恒定在0．239 mA到0．244 mA之间,且电流变化只有0．005 mA。当电源电压恒定在13 V时,双极型运算放大器偏置电流达到0．739 mA,而基于CRD偏置电路电流只有0．222 m。由此可知,基于CRD的运算放大器能实现更低功耗。