垂直管中油,气,水三相流总流量测量模型研究

基于集流型涡轮流量计与放射性低能源密度—持水率计在大庆生产测井研究所油、气、水三相流动环路中的实验响应结果，首先考察了用于气液两相流中涡轮流量计的Ａｙａ物理模型，进而提出了经过校正后用于确定油、气、水三相流总流量的测量模型，用此模型预测三相流总流量与流动环标定数据对比后其误差小于５％，满足了石油工业应用要求     

α—溴代异丁酸叔丁酯合成的研究

研究了α－溴代异丁酸叔丁酯的合成方法以及几种溶剂和有机碱对反应的影响。结果表明，在三种酰卤中，羧酸酰氯的酯化收率最高；有机碱采用三乙胺，以苯作溶剂效果最佳。     

Microstructural Evidence for Diffusion-Driven Tetragonal-to-Orthorhombic Phase Transformation in Y-Ba-Cu-O Superconductor

Microstructures of Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor were observed using a polarized microscope. Orthorhombic and tetragonal phases were easily distinguished by the optical etching with cross-polarized light. In the specimen cooled rapidly in oxygen, it was possible to see the path of oxygen diffusion by observing the variation of the twin concentration. At the boundary between transformed and untransformed materials, evidence for diffusion-driven transformation could be clearly seen.     

改性粉煤灰的制备及表征

采用3.5MOL/L NAOH溶液,于95℃左右对灰样进行改性处理后,经X射线衍射(XRD)和红外(IR)分析,改性灰为P型沸石为主的混合沸石矿相。并做了附加水玻璃后对合成沸石的影响的研究,结果表明,在水玻璃-粉煤灰-NAOH溶液体系中,P沸石的衍射峰增强。     

Analysis of the polyethylene glycol glucosides and FA esters thereof by atmospheric-pressure ionization MS

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) glucosides (PEGG) and the PEGG esters of lauric acid were analyzed by atmospheric-pressure ionization MS (API-MS) with electrospray ionization. Straightforward mass characterization of the complex mixtures could be achieved without prior chromatographic separation. The constituents were identified on the basis of quasi-molecular ions. Individual components could be observed as protonated molecular ions [M+H]⁺ and/or as their NH₄ ⁺, Na⁺, or K⁺ adducts in positive ion mode. The mass spectrometric investigation showed that mixtures of PEGG consisted of monoglucoside, diglucoside, polyglucoside, and free PEG. The esterification product is a mixture of two types of nonionic surfactants: PEG-laurates and PEGG-laurates. The reasons for distortion of the quasi-molecular ion intensities and the stabilization of adduct ions were discussed. The rapid and highly sensitive API-MS analysis technique proposed here is well suited for direct characterization of complex mixtures and suitable for development as a routine analytical method.     

Performance evaluation of electrodewatering system for sewage sludges

A laboratory-scale electrodewatering system, incorporating an electric field as an additional driving force to conventional pressure dewatering, has been developed to decrease the water content of sludges generated in wastewater treatment. Consisting of a piston-type filter press, a power supply and a data acquisition system, the electrodewatering system’s performance was evaluated as a function of applied pressure, applied voltage, sludge type and filtration time. Experiments were carried out using sewage sludges with the electric field up to 120 V/cm and pressure ranging from 98.1 to 392.4 kPa. Electrodewatering involving a combination of electric field and pressure enhances both the dewatering rate and final dewatered volume. The final water content of sewage sludges in the electrodewatering system can be reduced to 62 wt%, as compared to 78 wt% achieved with the pressure filtration alone. The electrodewatering system shows the potential to be an effective method for reducing the water content in sludges.     

Electrical conductivity of polyblends of poly(1,4-phenylene vinylene) and poly(2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-phenylene vinylene)

Summary A series of polyblends of poly(1,4-phenylene vinylene), PPV, and poly(2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-phenylene vinylene), PDMPV, were prepared in film form from precursor polyblends of the respective sulfonium salt polymers, which were separately prepared from the respectivebis(sulfonium salt) monomers. The blend films were doped with I₂ at room temperature to obtain a wide range of electrical conductivities (10^–2 to 10²Scm^–1) depending on the blend composition. The higher the content of PDMPV in the blends the higher was the conductivity.     

等离子体煤气化反应器内部流动数值模拟及设计优化的初步研究

本文对一种等离子体煤气化反应器内部湍流、两相流动和燃烧化学反应等复杂流动现象进行了三维数值模拟 ,得出了其内部的温度分布、速度分布和组分浓度分布 ,在对计算结果进行分析的基础上 ,提出了等离子体煤气化反应器的一种优化设计方案 ,并对此方案进行了不同等离子体流速下的数值模拟和比较分析 ,以确定气流参数的最佳匹配 ;数值分析结果表明 :改进的设计方案和气流参数匹配提高了等离子体热源利用的效率和煤气转化的效率     

Flow regime, hydrodynamics, floc size distribution and sludge properties in activated sludge bubble column, air-lift and aerated stirred reactors

This paper presents a comparative study how reactor configuration, sludge loading and air flowrate affect flow regimes, hydrodynamics, floc size distribution and sludge solids-liquid separation properties. Three reactor configurations were studied in bench scale activated sludge bubble column reactor (BCR), air-lift reactor (ALR) and aerated stirred reactor (ASR). The ASR demonstrated the highest capacity of gas holdup and resistance, and homogeneity in flow regimes and shearing forces, resulting in producing large numbers of small and compact flocs. The fluid dynamics in the ALR created regularly directed recirculation forces to enhance the gas holdup and sludge flocculation. The BCR distributed a high turbulent flow regime and non-homogeneity in gas holdup and mixing, and generated large numbers of larger and looser flocs. The sludge size distributions, compressibility and settleability were significantly influenced by the reactor configurations associated with the flow regimes and hydrodynamics.     

Evaluation of the performance of tight-UF membranes with respect to NOM removal using effective MWCO, molecular weight, and apparent diffusivity of NOM

Concepts for the effective MWCO of tight-UF membranes, and apparent diffusion coefficients for NOM, were introduced to determine the mechanisms influencing NOM removal and to explain the various behaviors of NOM removal by UF membranes with different hydrophobicities, permeability, and surface charges. Colloidal NOM (COM) and non-colloidal hydrophobic NOM (NCD HP) constituents were chosen for the evaluation of two different UF membranes. For a relatively hydrophobic, relatively high permeability, and less negatively charged UF membrane, the hydrophobic fractions of COM were preferentially removed and were also removed by a size exclusion mechanism (i.e., both hydrophobic interaction and size exclusion mechanisms). The NCD HP exhibited no such preferential removal of the hydrophobic fractions, but could be removed by a size exclusion mechanism (i.e., only size exclusion mechanism). With a relatively hydrophilic, relatively low permeability, and more negatively charged UF membrane, COM exhibited no preferential removal of the hydrophobic fractions, but could be removed by a size exclusion mechanism (i.e., only size exclusion mechanism). Whereas the hydrophobic fractions of the NCD HP were preferentially removed, these could not be removed by a size exclusion mechanism (i.e., only hydrophobic interaction mechanism). The apparent diffusion coefficients of NOM, as determined from NOM diffusion experiments using a diffusion cell equipped with a regenerated cellulose membrane, were much lower than those calculated by the Stokes-Einstein relation. The diffusion coefficient of NOM is expected to be used to predict and explain NOM transport behaviors in tight-UF membranes.