Reaction mechanism and microstructure evolution of reaction sintered <Emphasis Type="Italic">h</Emphasis>-BN

Hexagonal boron nitride ceramic (h-BN) based on the nitridation of B powders was obtained by reaction sintering method. The effects of sintering temperature on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the resultant products were investigated and the reaction mechanism was discussed. Results showed that the reaction between B and N₂ occurred vigorously at temperatures ranging from 1 000 °C to 1 300 °C, which resulted in the generation of t-BN. When the temperature exceeded 1 450 °C, transformation from t-BN to h-BN began to occur. As the sintering temperature increased, the spherical particles of t-BN gradually transformed into fine sheet particles of h-BN. These particles subsequently displayed a compact arrangement to achieve a more uniform microstructure, thereby increasing the strength.     

Estimation of access failure probability in D2D underlaid cellular networks

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication can reduce the mobile devices' energy consumption and increase the spectral efficiency in D2D underlaid cellular networks. However, D2D users will interfere with co-channel cellular users, which can lead to cellular communication access failures. There are two reasons for cellular communication access failures: (1)D2D interference and (2)insufficient spectrum resources. To address the absence of research on the performance of cellular services' access in D2D underlaid cellular networks, this paper defines the new services' access failure probability and handoff services' access failure probability to evaluate the effect of both D2D interference and limited resources on cellular communication access. Based on the stochastic geometry and stochastic process, a random network model is presented to estimate the access failure probabilities, which can provide guidelines for network design to ensure cellular services' access. The accuracy of the estimated access failure probability is validated through extensive simulations.     

综合物探方法在地面塌陷勘察中的应用

地面塌陷引发的地质灾害对国民经济建设的危害重大。目前,探测塌陷区的物探方法种类繁多,但没有一种方法能全面解决各种问题,需综合运用多种方法。以安徽某地面塌陷研究对象,运用高密度电法和瞬变电磁法探测重点塌陷区域,简要介绍了高密度电法、瞬变电磁法的工作原理、方法特点、数据采集和数据处理,并对数据进行了解释,通过此次探测研究,取得了明显的成果。结果表明,两种方法相互验证,相互参照,相互补充,查明了塌陷区及其附近的覆盖层厚度、地质构造和地层岩性变化,为后期地面塌陷灾害治理提供了科学依据。     

Performance evaluation of anti-radiation based on the gamma degradation process

In the environment of space radiation, the high-energy charged particles or high-energy photons acting on a spacecraft can cause either temporary device degradation or permanent failure. The traditional probability model is difficult to obtain reliable estimation of unit radiation resistance performance with small samples. Considering that different products will change differently after high-energy particle radiation, we construct a model based on the gamma degradation process. This model can efficiently describe the law of unit radiation resistance variation with the total radiation dose levels under the effect of the total dose and displacement damage. Finally, the proposed model is used to assess the anti-radiation performance of the N-channel power MOSFET device STRH60N20FSY3 produced by STM to obtain average unit radiation resistance, survival probability, survival function, etc.     

Degradability and biocompatibility of bioglass/poly(amino acid) composites with different surface bioactivity as bone repair materials

Bioglass (BG) possesses excellent bioactivity and has been widely used in the manufacture of biomaterials. In this study, a composite with different surface bioactivity was fabricated via in situ melting polymerization by incorporating BG and poly(amino acid) (PAA) at a suitable ratio. The structure of the composite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and XRD. The compressive strength of the BG/PAA composites was 139 MPa (BG:PAA = 30:70). The BG/PAA composites were degradable, and higher BG in composite showed higher weight loss after 4 weeks of incubation in simulated body fluid. In addition, the BG/PAA composite maintained adequate residual compressive strength during the degradation period. The SEM results showed the differences in surface bioactivities of the composites directly, and 30BG/PAA composite showed thicker apatite layer and higher Ca/p than 15BG/PAA. in vitro MG-63 cell culture experiments showed that the composite was noncytotoxic and thus allows cells to adhere, proliferate, and differentiate. This indicates that the composite has good biocompatibility. The implantations in the bone defects of rabbits for 4 and 12 weeks were studied. The composites had good biocompatibility and were capable of guiding new bone formation without causing any inflammation. The composite may be successfully used in the development of bone implants.     

Preparation and characterization of TiO2 photoelectrode codoped with aluminum and boron and its application in dye-sensitized solar cell

Nanocrystalline titania films codoped with aluminum and boron were prepared by cathodic vacuum arc deposition. In the process, titanium alloy target was used under an O2/Ar atmosphere, and sensitization of films were carried out by natural dye-sensitized complex in anhydrous ethanol. The structure, surface morphology and UV-vis spectra of titania films codoped were measured by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectrometer. Theas-deposited films are found to be amorphous. The films annealed were examinedto be of anatase structure with orientation along the (101) planes, the averagecrystal size is in the range between 41 and 45 nm. SEM results show that thereare some pores in the codoped titania films, the optical properties of the dye-sensitized films were also measured which reveals that the spectral responses of films shift to the visible region. Under simulated sunlight illumination, the overall energy conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cell is 0.9%.     

新日铁高炉冷却壁技术的进展及其在宝钢的应用

从结构、材料、冷却方式和壁厚等方面介绍了新日铁高炉用冷却壁的1～4代演变过程，同时简述了宝钢引进的第3代冷却壁制造技术及其应用概况。认为今后大型高炉冷却系统的设计会向冷却壁倾斜。     

Einfluß des totvolumens auf die Al2O3-CVD-Abscheidung

The influence of the free gas volume around the substrate on the chemical vapor deposition of Al₂O₃ layers in the AlCl₃/H₂/CO₂ system at different pressures and temperatures has been studied. Through the water gas reaction which occurs homogeneously in the gas phase, the Al₂O₃ growth rate increases with increasing free gas volume until a certain volume is reached, after which it remains constant. For this ‘critical free gas volume’ a theoretical characteristic dimension L_max is introduced. It is defined as the normal distance from a substrate surface, at which the water molecules formed from the CO₂ + H₂ in the gas phase can no longer reach the substrate surface in the time available. The dependencies of L_max on pressure, temperature and gas flow rate deduced through this theoretical consideration show agreement with the experimental results.

Zusammenfassung

Der Einfluß des die Substrate umgebenden Totvolumens auf die Al₂O₃-CVD-Abscheidung im System AlCl₃/H₂/CO₂ wurde systematisch bei verschiedenen Drücken und Temperaturen untersucht. Durch die homogen in der Gasphase ablaufende Wassergasreaktion nimmt in allen Fällen die Abscheidungs-geschwindigkeit mit vergrößerten Totvolumen zuerst zu, bleibt aber ab einer bestimmten Totvolumensgröße konstant. Für diese “kritische Totvolumensgröße” wird die theoretische Kenngröße L_max eingeführt. Diese Größe ist als Normalabstand zur Substratoberfläche definiert, bei dem das in der Gasphase aus CO₂ + H₂ gebildeten Wasser in der zur Verfügung stehenden Zeit die mit AlCl₃ belegte Oberfläche der Substrate nicht mehr erreichen kann. Die aus dieser theoretischen Überlegung abgeleiteten Voraussagen über die Abhängigkeit des L_max von Druck, Temperatur und Gasströmungsgeschwindigkeit zeigten Übereinstimmung mit den Versuchsergebnissen.     

含Cl^-溶液中SO4^2-对316不锈钢临界点蚀温度的影响

采用外加恒电位下腐蚀电流-温度扫描方法研究了在0．5％Cl^-溶液中，SO4^2-浓度对316不锈钢点腐蚀行为的影响．结果表明，随着SO4^2-浓度的增加，钝化电流增加，开路电位降低．当SO4^2-浓度低于0．42％时，316不锈钢的临界点蚀温度比不存在SO4^2-时的临界点蚀温度低；当SO4^2-浓度大于0．42％时，临界点蚀温度比不存在SO4^2-时的临界点蚀温度高．从离子竞争吸附的角度进行分析，对SO4^2-加速与抑制点蚀两种作用规律的形成原因进行了解释．