Simulation of Cortical and Cancellous Bone to Accelerate Tissue Regeneration

Different tissues have complex anisotropic structures to support biological functions. Mimicking these complex structures in vitro remains a challenge in biomaterials designs. Here, inspired by different types of silk nanofibers, a composite materials strategy is pursued toward this challenge. A combination of fabrication methods is utilized to achieve separate control of amorphous and beta-sheet rich silk nanofibers in the same solution. Aqueous solutions containing two types of silk nanofibers are simultaneously treated with an electric field and with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE). Under these conditions, the beta-sheet rich silk nanofibers in the mixture responded to the electric field while the amorphous nanofibers are active in the crosslinking process with the EGDE. As a result, cryogels with anisotropic structures are prepared, including mimics for cortical- and cancellous-like bone biomaterials as a complex osteoinductive niche. In vitro studies revealed that mechanical cues of the cryogels induced osteodifferentiation of stem cells while the anisotropy inside the cryogels influenced immune reactions of macrophages. These bioactive cryogels also stimulated improved bone regeneration in vivo through modulation of inflammation, angiogenesis and osteogenesis responses, suggesting an effective strategy to develop bioactive matrices with complex anisotropic structures beneficial to tissue regeneration.     

A Hybrid Strategy-Based Ultra-Narrow Stretchable Microelectrodes with Cell-Level Resolution

Stretchable ultra-narrow (e.g., 10 µm in width) microelectrodes are crucial for the electrophysiological monitoring of single cells providing the fundamental understanding to the working mechanism of neuro network or other electrically functional cells. Current fabrication strategies either focus on the preparation of normal stretchable electrodes with hundreds of micrometers or millimeters in width by using inorganic conductive materials or develop conductive organic polymer gel for ultra-narrow electrodes which suffer from low stretchability and instability for long-term implantation, therefore, it is still highly desirable to explore bio-interfacial ultra-narrow stretchable inorganic electrodes. Herein, a hybrid strategy is reported to prepare ultra-narrow multi-channel stretchable microelectrodes without using photolithography or laser-assisting etching. A 10 µm × 10 µm monitoring window is fabricated with enhanced interfacial impedance by the special rough surface. The stretchability achieves to 120% for this 10 µm-width stretchable electrode. Supported by these superior properties, it is demonstrated that the stretchable microelectrodes can detect electrophysiological signals of single cells in vitro and collect electrophysiological signals more precisely in vivo. The reported strategy will open up the accessible preparation of the fine-size stretchable microelectrode. It will significantly improve the resolution of monitoring and stimulation of inorganic stretchable electrodes.     

Three Potential Elements of Developing Nerve Guidance Conduit for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Autograft replaced by a nerve guidance conduit (NGC) is challenging in peripheral nerve injury because current NGC is still limited by precise conductivity and excellent biocompatibility in vivo, which influences the peripheral nerve repair even for a long lesion gap repair. Several particular elements have the potential function for nerve conductivity acceleration based on the traditional three factors of neural tissue engineering. The review aims to address three questions: 1) What is the superior factor for nerve conduction in the application? 2) How can a more conductive regenerative scaffold be constructed in vivo? 3) What is the next step in nerve regeneration for NGC? The bibliometrics analysis of NGC-related references is adopted to acquire that the conductive material, manufacturing technology of neural scaffold, and electrical stimulation (ES) play essential roles in the acceleration of nerve conduction. This review visually analyses the research status and summarizes the main types of conductive materials, the manufacturing technologies of neural scaffolds, and the characteristics of ES. The viewpoints and outlook of developing NGC are also discussed in this review. The proposed three elements are expected to improve the nerve conduction of NGC in vivo and even address the dilemma of long-distance peripheral nerve injury.     

RTDNet：面向高分辨率卫星影像的赤潮探测网络

目的 赤潮是一种常见的海洋生态灾害,严重威胁海洋生态系统安全。及时准确获取赤潮的发生和分布信息可以为赤潮的预警和防治提供有力支撑。然而,受混合像元和水环境要素影响,赤潮分布精细探测仍是挑战。针对赤潮边缘探测的难点,结合赤潮边缘高频特征学习与位置语义,提出了一种计算量小、精度高的网络模型RTD-Net （red tide detection network）。方法 针对赤潮边缘探测不准确的问题,设计了基于RIR （residual-in-residual）结构的网络,以提取赤潮边缘水体的高频特征;利用多感受野结构和坐标注意力机制捕获赤潮水体的位置语义信息,增强赤潮边缘水体的细节信息并抑制无用的特征。结果 在GF1-WFV （Gaofen1 wide field of view）赤潮数据集上的实验结果表明,所提出的RTDNet模型赤潮探测效果不仅优于支持向量机（support vector machine,SVM）、U-Net、Deep-Labv3+及HRNet （high-resolution network）等通用机器学习和深度学习模型,而且也优于赤潮指数法GF1_RI （Gaofen1 red tide index ）以及赤潮探测专用深度学习模型RDU-Net （red tide detection U-Net）,赤潮误提取、漏提取现象明显减少,F1分数在两幅测试图像上分别达到了0.905和0.898,相较于性能第2的模型DeepLabv3+提升了2%以上。而且,所提出的模型参数量小,仅有2.65 MB,约为DeepLabv3+的13%。结论 面向赤潮探测提出一种基于RIR结构的赤潮深度学习探测模型,通过融合多感受野结构和注意力机制提升了赤潮边缘探测的精度和稳定性,同时有效降低了计算量。本文方法展现了较好的应用效果,可适用于不同高分辨率卫星影像的赤潮探测。     

航空高速起发电机转子永磁体预应力设计

航空高速起发电机在可靠性方面要求高,对于带护套的表贴式高速永磁起发电机,永磁体预应力是通过在永磁体表面过盈压装非导磁合金护套实现,因此转子结构设计时需要合理的预应力设计。本文建立一种温度补偿的航空高速起发电机转子永磁体预应力设计仿真模型。以一台最高转速55000r/min的无人机用表贴式起发电机为例,分析过盈量对永磁体静态预应力的影响,在此基础上,计算并总结转子各部分动态应力随电机转速、温度、永磁体分段等因素的变化规律,为同类型电机设计提供参考。最后对一台起动功率20kW、额定发电功率4kW、最高转速55000r/min的高速起发电机进行实验验证,证明计算结果的有效性。     

面向关系型数据与知识图谱的数据集成技术综述

目前,各个国家和地区均已将大数据视为重要的战略资源.然而,大数据时代普遍存在数据流通困难、数据监管不足等问题,致使数据孤岛现象严重,数据质量低下,数据要素潜能难以释放.这驱使研究人员探索数据集成技术,以打破数据壁垒、实现信息共享、提升数据质量,进而激活数据要素潜能.关系型数据和知识图谱作为两种至关重要的数据组织与存储形式,在现实生活中应用广泛.为此,聚焦关系型数据和知识图谱,归纳总结并分析实体解析、数据融合、数据清洗3方面的数据集成关键技术,最后展望未来研究方向与趋势.     

基于改进DWA的多无人水面艇分布式避碰算法

针对多艘无人水面艇(USV)相遇自主避碰问题,考虑可能存在异常行驶的USV,基于改进动态窗口法(DWA)提出一种包含碰撞风险检测和行驶职责划分的分布式避碰算法.首先,引入障碍物预测轨迹和权重因子改进传统DWA的距离评价函数,提高USV躲避多个动态障碍物的能力,同时,结合国际海上避碰规则(COLREGS)引入新的规则评价函数约束USV的避让动作;然后,引入期望速度和航向改进现有碰撞风险检测算法,减少因碰撞风险变化导致的轨迹波动;接着,针对COLREGS仅规定两船相遇时的行驶职责划分问题,提出一种考虑异常USV的多USV职责划分方法;最后,基于Matlab实现多USV相遇自主避碰仿真.实验结果表明,即使存在异常USV,分布式避碰算法依旧保证正常USV能够作出符合COLREGS的安全避让动作.     

Impact of white-matter mask selection on DTI histogram-based metrics as potential biomarkers in cerebral small vessel disease

Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine - Histogram-based metrics extracted from diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) have been suggested as potential biomarkers for cerebral small...     

Preview control of polytopic time-varying systems subject to actuator saturation

In this study, a novel method is proposed to track a previewable reference signal in the polytopic time-varying system with input saturation. Firstly, an augmented model containing future information is constructed using a new formal variable. This leads to the tracking control problem of polytopic time-varying system with input saturation is transformed into a stability problem of augmented error system. Next, the state and static output feedback preview controls are introduced, and the corresponding controller gains are produced by the proposed conditions. Two examples are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed preview controller.     

基于熵权-云模型的配电网设备投资策略评价方法研究

配电网设备精准投资是确保电力企业集约化、精益化管理的关键,目前配电网设备投资方案的评价信息往往具有随机性,方案的客观评价和优选难度较大。本文提出基于熵权-云模型的配电网设备投资策略评价方法,利用云模型和熵值法计算评价指标权重,研究经济效益、技术和风险等因素对投资策略的影响,科学评价投资方案,为投资策略制定和优选提供数据支持和实践参考。实践结果表明,该方法能定位配电网设备投资方案中的差异与不足,给出优选决策方案,对促进配电网高质量发展,提升配电网投资决策水平具有一定的参考价值。