Delivery Techniques for Enhancing CAR T Cell Therapy against Solid Tumors

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells exhibit promising results for cancer immunotherapy. However, the clinical success is still restricted to certain types of blood cancers, while in solid tumors the clinical activity is modest and potential toxicities remain a concern. There are various barriers that prevent CAR T cells from combating solid tumors. Therefore, distinct strategies have been explored to augment CAR T cell proliferative capacity, persistence, and effector function. Altering the tumor microenvironment, and in particular its physiochemical properties and immunosuppressive milieu, is of great significance to facilitate CAR T cell therapy. In this article, emerging strategies implemented to overcome the barriers of CAR T cell therapy in solid tumors are reviewed. Enhancing infiltration, activation, and persistence of CAR T cells has been addressed in several preclinical models. The future development of this field to promote innovation and clinical translation is also discussed.     

Injectable In Situ Induced Robust Hydrogel for Photothermal Therapy and Bone Fracture Repair

Malignant bone tumors are often accompanied by osteolytic destruction and severe pathological fractures. Current therapeutic strategies can largely inhibit tumor proliferation, but the high recurrence rate of tumors and related bone defects remain a significant challenge. This study aims to address these issues by developing a novel near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive and a mechanically strong hydrogel that offers excellent photothermal tumor therapy and bone fracture repair capabilities. The as-prepared hydrogel exhibits good biocompatibility and an ultra-strong photothermal effect due to the formation of a complex network with up-conversion lanthanide-Au hybrid nanoparticles and alginate molecules. A subcutaneous tumor model is used to demonstrate that tumors can be efficiently eradicated via local photothermal treatment, where there is no tumor recurrence within the observation period. Moreover, the injected hydrogel becomes mechanically strong due to in situ Ca²⁺ crosslinking, which provides a supportive matrix to promote the repair of bone defects via stabilization of the fractured bone structure. The high photothermal effect and robust support offered by this single material demonstrate the potential of using the proposed hydrogel for the simultaneous treatment of bone tumor removal and bone healing.     

Additive-Free Energetic Film Based on Graphene Oxide and Nanoscale Energetic Coordination Polymer for Transient Microchip

Transient microchips have promising applications in data security and privacy protection. A simple fabrication process and short transient time are two crucial requirements for transient microchips. In this study, a facile drop-casting method is used to develop a transient microchip based on an energetic film and a microheater on a substrate. It is found that the graphene oxide-energetic coordination polymer composite based energetic film plays an important role in simplifying the fabrication process and achieving fast transient time due to its inherent film forming ability, strong binding to substrate, and highly energetic characteristics. The interlayer confinement effect of graphene oxide (GO) can significantly reduce the size of energetic coordination polymer (ECP) to nanometer scale. Van der Waals forces between GO layers and coordination bonds between GO and metal ions are responsible for the film formation ability. Furthermore, the reduction of ECP size and the compact stacking lay the foundation for the excellent combustion and pressure production performance of the energetic film. The strong adhesion of the energetic film and the substrate is confirmed by drop experiments. More importantly, the fabricated silicon based transient microchip can achieve self-destruction within 1 second.     

Visualizing Thermally Activated Memristive Switching in Percolating Networks of Solution-Processed 2D Semiconductors

Memristive systems present a low-power alternative to silicon-based electronics for neuromorphic and in-memory computation. 2D materials have been increasingly explored for memristive applications due to their novel biomimetic functions, ultrathin geometry for ultimate scaling limits, and potential for fabricating large-area, flexible, and printed neuromorphic devices. While the switching mechanism in memristors based on single 2D nanosheets is similar to conventional oxide memristors, the switching mechanism in nanosheet composite films is complicated by the interplay of multiple physical processes and the inaccessibility of the active area in a two-terminal vertical geometry. Here, the authors report thermally activated memristors fabricated from percolating networks of diverse solution-processed 2D semiconductors including MoS₂, ReS₂, WS₂, and InSe. The mechanisms underlying threshold switching and negative differential resistance are elucidated by designing large-area lateral memristors that allow the direct observation of filament and dendrite formation using in situ spatially resolved optical, chemical, and thermal analyses. The high switching ratios (up to 10³) that are achieved at low fields (≈4 kV cm⁻¹) are explained by thermally assisted electrical discharge that preferentially occurs at the sharp edges of 2D nanosheets. Overall, this work establishes percolating networks of solution-processed 2D semiconductors as a platform for neuromorphic architectures.     

Regulation and Reconstruction of Cell Phenotype Gradients Along the Tendon-Bone Interface

Tendon–bone interface is prevalent in the human body. It is divided into four zones: tendon (soft tissue), unmineralized fibrocartilage, mineralized fibrocartilage, and bone (hard tissue). Tendon–bone interface is characterized by a cell phenotype gradient that appears in the different zones. The cell phenotype gradients at the tendon–bone interface are orchestrated by specific intracellular molecular mechanisms, extracellular factors, immune signals, and neurovascular factors. These features have inspired scientists to design systems that mimic natural cell phenotype gradients. These biomimetic systems include the construction of cell sheets, regulation of cellular microenvironments, and the design of gradient functional scaffolds. Exploration of methods to mimic cell phenotype gradients is instructional for future clinical applications in reconstituting the tendon–bone interface. The present review elucidates the gradient composition of the tendon–bone interface. The associated regulatory mechanisms and applications are discussed, with the anticipation of creating a mise en scène for future research in interface tissue engineering.     

Ultrasmall Pd‐Cu‐Pt Trimetallic Twin Icosahedrons Boost the Electrocatalytic Performance of Glycerol Oxidation at the Operating Temperature of Fuel Cells

Recently, in order to improve the energy conversion efficiency of direct polyol fuel cells, the engineering of effective Pd‐ and/or Pt‐based electrocatalysts to rupture C? C bonds has received increasing attention. Here, an example is shown to synthesize highly uniform sub‐10 nm Pd‐Cu‐Pt twin icosahedrons by controlling the nucleation phase. Because of the synergies of the electronic effect, synergistic effect, geometric effect, and abundant surface active sites originating from the formation of near surface alloy and special icosahedral shape, the Pd‐Cu‐Pt twin icosahedrons exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performance in glycerol electrocatalysis at the operating temperature of direct alcohol fuel cells (70 °C) in KOH electrolyte. The Pd_50.2Cu_38.4Pt_11.4 icosahedrons show mass activities of 9.7 A mg^?1_Pd+Pt and 13.7 A mg^?1_Pd. Furthermore, the Pd_50.2Cu_38.4Pt_11.4 icosahedrons demonstrate long‐term durability in current–time test for 36 000 s and high in situ anti‐CO poisoning performance. In addition, the introduction of CO can enhance electro‐oxidation endurance on Pd_50.2Cu_38.4Pt_11.4 icosahedrons, and the peak mass activity can reach to 14.4 A mg^?1_Pd+Pt. The in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra indicate that the Pd_50.2Cu_38.4Pt_11.4 icosahedrons possess a high capacity to break C? C bonds and may efficiently convert glycerol into CO₂, thus improving the utilization efficiency of energy‐containing molecule glycerol.     

基于改进BP网络的柴油机燃油故障诊断的应用

针对标准BP神经网络收敛速度较慢的问题,本文对所建立的BP网络的学习算法进行了改进,采用LM最优化算法对BP网络进行训练,替代了原来标准BP算法中的梯度下降法寻找最优网络连接权值。燃油喷射系统是柴油机的核心部分,其工作状况直接影响柴油机的燃油过程及其性能,将这种改进的BP算法应用到柴油机燃油故障诊断中,仿真实验证明,该...     

WLAN中MAC子层接入技术的研究

多址接入技术是WLAN的关键技术之一。首先介绍了MAC子层在WLAN协议体系中的主要功能,对常用的多址技术进行了归类,根据不同的网络业务类型粗略分析了各种技术的特点,并详细剖析了当前几种热点WLAN的接入机制,最后总结了多址技术的发展趋势。     

Highly Packaged Terahertz Down-Converter Modules Using 3-D Integration

This letter describes the design of highly packaged heterodyne receivers for terahertz applications. The 3-D integration of a terahertz mixer with a low-noise intermediate frequency amplifier is implemented for the first time using off-the-shelf components. Thereby, an-order-of-magnitude volume and weight reduction are accomplished. We validate our packaging approach experimentally, demonstrating performance comparable to that of a similar receiver assembled with planar interconnects. These 3-D receivers can in principle constitute the basis of close-fitting, densely populated focal plane arrays.     

共振多光子电离探测芳香烃污染物对比实验研究

本文用两种不同的方法对同期制备的不同浓度的苯、甲苯、二甲苯及其混合气和摩托车尾气三类样品分别进行了对比实验,实验验证了多光子电离所得实验数据的可靠性及其测量精确性,同时可以看出多光子电离方法所具有的快速、实时在线和多组分同时探测的优越性。