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71.
We study a generalized job-shop problem called the body shop scheduling problem (BSSP). This problem arises from the industrial application of welding in a car body production line, where possible collisions between industrial robots have to be taken into account. BSSP corresponds to a job-shop problem where the operations of a job have to follow alternating routes on the machines, certain operations of different jobs are not allowed to be processed at the same time and after processing an operation of a certain job a machine might be unavailable for a given time for operations of other jobs. As main results we will show that for three jobs and four machines the special case where only one machine is used by more than one job is already $\mathcal NP $ -hard. This also implies that the single machine scheduling problem that asks for a makespan minimal schedule of three chains of operations with delays between the operations of a chain is $\mathcal NP $ -hard. On the positive side, we present a polynomial algorithm for the two job case and a pseudo-polynomial algorithm together with an FPTAS for an arbitrary but constant number of jobs. Hence for a constant number of jobs we fully settle the complexity status of the problem. 相似文献
72.
LUO Yu ZHAO RongKuo FERNANDEZ-DOMINGUEZ Antonio I. MAIER Stefan A. PENDRY John B. 《中国科学:信息科学(英文版)》2013,56(12):1-13
Transformation optics (TO) is a new tool for controlling electromagnetic fields. In the context of metamaterial technology, it provides a direct link between a desired electromagnetic (EM) phenomenon and the material response required for its occurrence. Recently, this powerful framework has been successfully exploited to study surface plasmon assisted phenomena such as light harvesting. Here, we review the general strategy based on TO to design plasmonic devices capable of harvesting light over a broadband spectrum and achieving considerable field confinement and enhancement. The methodology starts with two-dimensional (2D) cases, such as 2D metal edges, crescent-shaped cylinders, nanowire dimers, and rough metal surfaces, and is well extended to fully-fledged three-dimensional (3D) situations. The largely analytic approach gives physical insights into the processes involved and suggests a way forward to study a wide variety of plasmonic nanostructures. 相似文献
73.
Michael Wand Alexander Berner Martin Bokeloh Philipp Jenke Arno Fleck Mark Hoffmann Benjamin Maier Dirk Staneker Andreas Schilling Hans-Peter Seidel 《Computers & Graphics》2008,32(2):204-220
This paper describes a new out-of-core multi-resolution data structure for real-time visualization, interactive editing and externally efficient processing of large point clouds. We describe an editing system that makes use of the novel data structure to provide interactive editing and preprocessing tools for large scanner data sets. Using the new data structure, we provide a complete tool chain for 3D scanner data processing, from data preprocessing and filtering to manual touch-up and real-time visualization. In particular, we describe an out-of-core outlier removal and bilateral geometry filtering algorithm, a toolset for interactive selection, painting, transformation, and filtering of huge out-of-core point-cloud data sets and a real-time rendering algorithm, which all use the same data structure as storage backend. The interactive tools work in real-time for small model modifications. For large scale editing operations, we employ a two-resolution approach where editing is planned in real-time and executed in an externally efficient offline computation afterwards. We evaluate our implementation on example data sets of sizes up to 63 GB, demonstrating that the proposed technique can be used effectively in real-world applications. 相似文献
74.
Nonparametric Bayesian Image Segmentation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Image segmentation algorithms partition the set of pixels of an image into a specific number of different, spatially homogeneous
groups. We propose a nonparametric Bayesian model for histogram clustering which automatically determines the number of segments
when spatial smoothness constraints on the class assignments are enforced by a Markov Random Field. A Dirichlet process prior
controls the level of resolution which corresponds to the number of clusters in data with a unique cluster structure. The resulting posterior is efficiently
sampled by a variant of a conjugate-case sampling algorithm for Dirichlet process mixture models. Experimental results are
provided for real-world gray value images, synthetic aperture radar images and magnetic resonance imaging data. 相似文献
75.
In this work we examine the influence of the diffusive motion of vortices in highly anisotropic high-Tc superconductors near the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition temperature T
bkt
on the spin-lattice relaxation rate T
1
–1
.We find a jump in T
1
–1
at the temperature T
bkt
. 相似文献
76.
Yixuan Jia Christoph A. Spiegel Alexander Welle Stefan Heißler Elaheh Sedghamiz Modan Liu Wolfgang Wenzel Maximilian Hackner Joachim P. Spatz Manuel Tsotsalas Eva Blasco 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(39):2207826
Manufacturing programmable materials, whose mechanical properties can be adapted on demand, is highly desired for their application in areas ranging from robotics, to biomedicine, or microfluidics. Herein, the inclusion of dynamic and living bonds, such as alkoxyamines, in a printable formulation suitable for two-photon 3D laser printing is exploited. On one hand, taking advantage of the dynamic covalent character of alkoxyamines, the nitroxide exchange reaction is investigated. As a consequence, a reduction of the Young´s Modulus by 50%, is measured by nanoindentation. On the other hand, due to its “living” characteristic, the chain extension becomes possible via nitroxide mediated polymerization. In particular, living nitroxide mediated polymerization of styrene results not only in a dramatic increase of the volume (≈8 times) of the 3D printed microstructure but also an increase of the Young's Modulus by two orders of magnitude (from 14 MPa to 2.7 GPa), while maintaining the shape including fine structural details. Thus, the approach introduces a new dimension by enabling to create microstructures with dynamically tunable size and mechanical properties. 相似文献
77.
Optimized Photoinitiator for Fast Two‐Photon Absorption Polymerization of Polyester‐Macromers for Tissue Engineering
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78.
Y. Kiliclar I. N. Vladimirov S. Wulfinghoff S. Reese O. K. Demir C. Weddeling A. E. Tekkaya M. Engelhardt C. Klose H. J. Maier M. Rozgic̀ M. Stiemer 《International Journal of Material Forming》2017,10(1):73-84
Sheet metal forming is an inherent part of todays production industry. A major goal is to increase the forming limits of classical deep-drawing processes. One possibility to achieve that is to combine the conventional quasi-static (QS) forming process with electromagnetic high-speed (HS) post-forming. This work focuses on the finite element analysis of such combined forming processes to demonstrate the improvement which can be achieved. For this purpose, a cooperation of different institutions representing different work fields has been established. The material characterization is based on flow curves and forming limit curves for low and high strain rates obtained by novel testing devices. Further experimental investigations have been performed on the process chain of a cross shaped cup, referring to both purely quasi-static and quasi-static combined with electromagnetic forming. While efficient mathematical optimization algorithms support the new viscoplastic ductile damage modelling to find the optimum parameters based on the results of experimental material characterization, the full process chain is studied by means of an electro-magneto-mechanical finite element analysis. The constitutive equations of the material model are integrated in an explicit manner and implemented as a user material subroutine into the commercial finite element package LS-DYNA. 相似文献
79.
80.