影像——探讨用阴影做设计的可能性

是时候开始考虑有目的的利用阴影了 关于光的设计已有太多的讨论。市场上定期会推出新研发的技术，甚至进一步提供创新的手法为各种用途或活动创造独特的空间体验。但是我们也逐渐意识到太多光带来的负面效果，暗天空的缺乏妨碍了天文学家们的工作和天文爱好者的乐趣，扰乱了生态进程，影响了我们的激素平衡。     

Energieautonomer Funknetzwerkknoten für Luftfahrzeuge

Energieautonome Funknetzwerkknoten sind die Grundlage für vielf?ltige überwachungsaufgaben, die drahtlos übernommen werden k?nnen. Ein Sensornetzwerk ist in der Lage, überwachungsaufgaben kosteneffizient zu übernehmen, wenn Ma?nahmen zur Energieversorgung wegfallen. Daher ist dieser Ansatz für die Luftfahrtindustrie interessant, um z. B. die Flugzeugstruktur hinsichtlich Sch?den zu überwachen. Für energieautonome Aufgaben ist einerseits der Energieverbrauch des Funksensorknotens wichtig und andererseits die Verfügbarkeit einer regenerativen Energiequelle. Zudem wird ein effektives Energiemanagement ben?tigt, das die regenerativ gewonnene Energie in einen für den Sensor geeigneten Parameterbereich umwandelt. Im Folgenden wird ein solches System für den Einsatz in Luftfahrzeugen vorgestellt, bestehend aus Funksensorknoten, Energieverwaltungseinheit und einer regenerativen Energiequelle. Der Schwerpunkt liegt hierbei auf der regenerativen Energiequelle, welche auf einem thermoelektrischen Generator (TEG) beruht, der sich die wechselnden Temperaturen in der Flugzeugstruktur bei Start und Landung zunutze macht. Eine Seite des thermoelektrischen Generators wird der sich ?ndernden Umgebungstemperatur ausgesetzt, w?hrend die andere mit einer W?rmekapazit?t verbunden wird. Durch diesen Ansatz wird ein Temperaturgradient am TEG erzeugt und über den Seebeck-Effekt eine autonome Energiequelle geschaffen. Das Gesamtsystem wurde in einer Klimakammer getestet, und die ersten Ergebnisse sind vielversprechend.     

Signal Processing for Remote Condition Monitoring of Railway Points

Abstract:  The dependability of railway points (turnouts or switches) is a key part of any railway system; the Potters Bar crash (10 May 2002) in the UK, which led to seven fatalities is a key example of a failure of this subsystem. Present maintenance of points involves overly frequent inspection by maintenance staff. A remote condition monitoring approach would lead to more efficient inspection routines and directed anticipatory maintenance trips. To assist the creation of a suitable fault-detection algorithm, the authors analysed existing force and current data for the 'as commissioned' case of a turnout and for situations with different fault conditions. Signal processing of this data revealed several different methods that can be used to distinguish between fully functioning points, and different fault conditions of the points. Specifically, clustering of statistical parameters and their application to wavelet levels and coefficients, provided clear discrimination of most critical faults. This demonstrates a good first step towards a condition monitoring-based maintenance regime for points that is both safer for passengers and maintenance personnel and that has the potential to be more effective and economical.     

Air exposure and sample storage time influence on hydrogen release from tungsten

In investigations of hydrogen retention in first wall components the influence of the conditions of the implanted target storage prior to analysis and the storage time is often neglected. Therefore we have performed a dedicated set of experiments. The release of hydrogen from samples exposed to ambient air after irradiation was compared to samples kept in vacuum. For air exposed samples significant amounts of HDO and D₂O are detected during TDS. Additional experiments have shown that heavy water is formed by recombination of releasing D and H atoms with O on the W surface. This water formation can alter hydrogen retention results significantly, in particular - for low retention cases. In addition to the influence of ambient air exposure also the influence of storage time in vacuum was investigated. After implantation at 300 K the samples were stored in vacuum for up to 1 week during which the retained amount decreased significantly. The subsequently measured TDS spectra showed that D was lost from both the high and low energy peaks during storage at ambient temperature of ∼300 K. An attempt to simulate this release from both peaks during room temperature storage by TMAP 7 calculations showed that this effect cannot be explained by conventional diffusion/trapping models.     

Production of 1‐Octanol from n‐Octane by Pseudomonas putida KT2440

A two‐phase biotransformation process for selective hydroxylation of n‐octane to 1‐octanol via Pseudomonas putida KT2440 harboring heterologously expressed P450 monooxygenase from Mycobacterium marinum is presented. Maximum cell‐specific conversion rates of 12.7 mg_octanol g_CDWh^–1 were observed not only in shaking flasks but also in 3.7‐L‐bioreactor studies. The bioreactor experiments were performed avoiding explosive gas mixtures by lowering volumetric power input, aeration rates and substrate concentrations. Based on a stoichiometric network of P. putida KT2440 topological studies were carried out. As a conclusion, potential limitations of NAD(P)H and/or ATP supply at production conditions can be excluded. Hence, the great potential of the host for further increasing conversion is outlined.     

Trans-18:1 acid content and profile in human milk lipids. Critical survey of data in connection with analytical methods

This study presents an in-depth, critical survey of the current knowledge about trans- 18:1 acid content and profile in human milk lipids. Emphasis is placed on the analytical methods employed to quantitate trans- 18:1 acids, most of which lead to imprecise quantitative data. It is demonstrated that data obtained by single gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) on polar capillary columns are underestimates by 25–40%. Several experiments indicate that the total content of trans-18:1 acids in human milk is directly related to the quantities ingested the previous day(s), provided no gross weight loss occurs during breast-milk feeding. Equations have been proposed to describe this relationship, and apparently the percentage of trans-18:1 isomers, relative to total fatty acids, is approximately three-fourths the quantity (in g) ingested by lactating mothers. That is, the determination of the trans-18:1 acid percentage in human milk is a convenient means to estimate trans-18:1 acid consumption by corresponding populations. Adapted methods (i.e., silver-ion thin-layer chromatography, coupled with GLC on long polar capillary columns) allow accurate quantitation of most individual trans- 18:1 acids, more particularly of the trans-Δ16 isomer. This determination, along with a knowledge of the distribution of individual isomers in ruminant fats and partially hydrogenated oils, is a convenient means to estimate the relative contribution of these two dietary sources to the distribution of individual trans-18:1 isomers in human milk lipids. A comparison of human milk and infant formulas is made with regard to trans-18:1 acid content and profile. Important differences are noted between data from European countries and from North America.     

Technology trends of high‐pressure mercury short‐arc lamps for projection systems

Abstract— We will discuss the advantages and limitations of ac and dc lamp technology for microdisplay‐based projection systems. The performance of the lamp in terms of brilliance and thermal robustness together with the potential lamp lifetime for ac and dc lamps will be discussed. ac and dc lamp designs will be evaluated to judge their potential for future improvements in terms of usable projector lumens.     

Controlled-release behavior of diphenhydramine hydrochloride loaded neutral microgranules and coated using ethylcellulose water dispersion

The development of a loading method of a water-soluble drug using aqueous binding solution to produce microgranules that were then coated with an aqueous ethylcellulose dispersion to sustain drug release is described. The results, in terms of drug used, showed that besides the fluidized bed parameters, the amount of drug dissolved in the binder solution plays an important role in obtaining a satisfying result during the spraying process. Thus, it seems necessary to determine the critical concentration above which the material started to adhere to the interior of the fluidization column, and the possibility of drug layering onto carrier material is aggravated. ANOVA of the time parameter for release of 63.2% of total drug (td) value showed significant influence of ethylcellulose (Aquacoat ECD-30) and dibutyl sebacate concentration on diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH) release. The dissolution rate decreased with an increase in polymer concentration. The diffusional exponent n of the Peppas equation indicated that the DPH release kinetic was non-Fickian but approached Fickian diffusion, particularly at higher coating levels.