Heating energy use management in residential buildings by temperature control

This paper presents the results of analytical investigations to determine the potential heating energy savings that can be achieved in residential buildings by controlling the house temperature through either night setback or night setback plus day zone setback. A typical U.S. single family house is analyzed for different levels of thermal integrity of the building envelope (i.e., levels of insulation, window glazing, and infiltration). Reduced infiltration, insulated interior walls, and various window orientations are also considered. Results are given for four major U.S. climate zones—cool, temperate, hot-humid, and hot-arid. The analysis shows that both types of setbacks are most effective in loose houses, with the greatest absolute savings for the cool climates, and the greatest percent savings for the hot climates. However, the benefits from thermostat setbacks are smaller for tighter houses, and may actually be counterproductive owing to corollary effects such as increased peak loads and degradation of system efficiency.     

A PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ULTRA-PURE PRECURSORS FROM COAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF VALUE-ADDED CARBON PRODUCTS - TREATMENT OF THE RESIDUE

Solvent extraction of coal results in a coal-derived extract containing the solvent-soluble organic portion of coal free of almost all mineral matter. A residue is also produced and consists of most of the mineral matter. Although a procedure has been developed to manufacture ultra-pure coke precursors for value-added carbon products from coal-derived extracts, treatment/rc-usc of the residue is necessary to make the process economically attractive and environmentally friendly. In this study, a technique has been developed to beneficiate the residue by specific gravity fractionation. It is found that nearly 70 % of the residue can be separated into a fraction containing less than 3.5% ash for a typical WV bituminous coal using an organic liquid having a specific gravity of 1.5. This treatment enables the residue to serve as a low-ash boiler fuel or a suitable precursor for the manufacture of materials such as activated carbons. Consequently, the potential for coal-derived precursors leading to new and non-conventionai marketable carbon products can be realized easily.     

The VLISP verified PreScheme compiler

This paper describes a verified compiler for PreScheme, the implementation language for thevlisp run-time system. The compiler and proof were divided into three parts: A transformational front end that translates source text into a core language, a syntax-directed compiler that translates the core language into a combinator-based tree-manipulation language, and a linearizer that translates combinator code into code for an abstract stored-program machine with linear memory for both data and code. This factorization enabled different proof techniques to be used for the different phases of the compiler, and also allowed the generation of good code. Finally, the whole process was made possible by carefully defining the semantics ofvlisp PreScheme rather than just adopting Scheme's. We believe that the architecture of the compiler and its correctness proof can easily be applied to compilers for languages other than PreScheme.This work was supported by Rome Laboratory of the United States Air Force, contract No. F19628-89-C-0001, through the MITRE Corporation, and by NSF and DARPA under NSF grants CCR-9002253 and CCR-9014603. Author's current address: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Oregon Graduate Institute, P.O. Box 91000, Portland, OR 97291-1000.The work reported here was supported by Rome Laboratory of the United States Air Force, contract No. F19628-89-C-0001. Preparation of this paper was generously supported by The MITRE Corporation.This work was supported by Rome Laboratory of the United States Air Force, contract No. F19628-89-C-0001, through the MITRE Corporation, and by NSF and DARPA under NSF grants CCR-9002253 and CCR-9014603.     

Intrinsically patterned electrical systems: physical requirements and experimental demonstration

Microsystem Technologies - This paper introduces a method of replicating electrical circuits through a series of specific requirements as part of a design methodology referred to as Intrinsically...     

The expected complexity of analytic tableaux analyses in propositional calculus — II

The article continues a study of the complexity of an analytic tableaux algorithm for SAT. The main result is that the average number of branches in analytic tableaux of formulae of lengthn is((1.09988...) ⁿ ). The maximum number of branches is also studied. Both the average and worst case complexity measures are used to compare analytic tableaux and truth tables.For the average case result the precise number of consistent branches and the precise number of inconsistent branches (for formulae of lengthn) are each expressed as multiply indexed sums whose terms involve factorials and Stirling numbers of the second kind. The asymptotic behavior of these sums is determined by adapting a classical technique for determining the asymptotic behavior of singly indexed sums whose terms involve factorials.     

Toughening by Metallic Lamina in Nickel/Alumina Composites

Tape casting and hot-pressing were used to produce metal/ alumina laminate composites. The mechanical behavior of these laminates was characterized. The strength and toughness of the laminates were greatly improved in comparison to that of monolithic alumina. Indentation strength values of the laminates remained approximately constant for indent loads between 10 and 100 N. Thus, this type of laminate appears to be a good candidate for damage-tolerant composite material design.     

Flow of fluidized solids and bubbles in standpipes and risers

Equations are presented for the densities of fluidized solid-bubble mixtures in downward and upward vertical flow. Data from a large commercial standpipe are in close agreement with calculations. Flow instability is predicted when downward solid flow is sufficient to hold a gas bubble stationary in a standpipe. Commercial experience of such instability is presented indicating the existence of slugs in a 45-in.-diam. standpipe.