全文获取类型
收费全文 | 26493篇 |
免费 | 1701篇 |
国内免费 | 64篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 363篇 |
综合类 | 31篇 |
化学工业 | 6126篇 |
金属工艺 | 1040篇 |
机械仪表 | 1579篇 |
建筑科学 | 521篇 |
矿业工程 | 7篇 |
能源动力 | 1097篇 |
轻工业 | 2229篇 |
水利工程 | 110篇 |
石油天然气 | 24篇 |
武器工业 | 2篇 |
无线电 | 4357篇 |
一般工业技术 | 5648篇 |
冶金工业 | 1924篇 |
原子能技术 | 367篇 |
自动化技术 | 2833篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 28篇 |
2023年 | 322篇 |
2022年 | 484篇 |
2021年 | 804篇 |
2020年 | 577篇 |
2019年 | 616篇 |
2018年 | 822篇 |
2017年 | 797篇 |
2016年 | 937篇 |
2015年 | 753篇 |
2014年 | 1156篇 |
2013年 | 1693篇 |
2012年 | 1784篇 |
2011年 | 2185篇 |
2010年 | 1590篇 |
2009年 | 1647篇 |
2008年 | 1485篇 |
2007年 | 1152篇 |
2006年 | 993篇 |
2005年 | 875篇 |
2004年 | 782篇 |
2003年 | 730篇 |
2002年 | 701篇 |
2001年 | 610篇 |
2000年 | 538篇 |
1999年 | 524篇 |
1998年 | 859篇 |
1997年 | 528篇 |
1996年 | 477篇 |
1995年 | 320篇 |
1994年 | 203篇 |
1993年 | 197篇 |
1992年 | 136篇 |
1991年 | 125篇 |
1990年 | 99篇 |
1989年 | 104篇 |
1988年 | 91篇 |
1987年 | 73篇 |
1986年 | 57篇 |
1985年 | 52篇 |
1984年 | 40篇 |
1983年 | 35篇 |
1982年 | 33篇 |
1981年 | 31篇 |
1980年 | 33篇 |
1979年 | 16篇 |
1977年 | 28篇 |
1976年 | 44篇 |
1975年 | 21篇 |
1974年 | 14篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Wastewater discharge from coal refining plants contains a number of biologically toxic compounds; 2000-2500 mg/l of COD of which 40% is composed of phenol, 100-400 mg/l of thiocyanate, 10-40 mg/l of cyanide, 100-250 mg/l of NH4+-N and 150-300 mg/l of total nitrogen. In order to treat this kind of high strength wastewater, we have developed a high performance biofilm process using fluidizing bio-carriers of the tube chip type. The fluidizing biofilm carriers are made of a composite of polyethylene and several inorganic materials, whose density is controlled at 0.97-0.98 g/ml. The fluidizing biofilm carriers show sound fluidization characteristics inside bioreactors. The wastewater is treated using three consecutive series reactors in oxic-anoxic-oxic arrangement. Each reactor is charged with the fluidizing biofilm carriers of 50 vol%. Furthermore, newly cultured active microorganisms for the thiocyanate biodegradation are added in the biofilm process. At total hydraulic retention time of 2.2 days, this process can achieve steady state removal efficiencies: COD, 99%; thiocyanate, 99%; NH4+-N, 99% and total nitrogen, 90%. 相似文献
72.
The optical character of waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) is of concern for several reasons. Algal photosynthesis, which produces oxygen for waste oxidation in WSPs, is influenced by attenuation of sunlight in ponds. Disinfection in WSPs is influenced by optical characteristics because solar UV exposure usually dominates inactivation. The optical nature of WSPs effluent also affects assimilation by receiving waters. Despite the importance of light behaviour in WSPs, few studies have been made of their optical characteristics. We discuss simple optical measures suitable for routine monitoring of WSPs (including at sites remote from laboratories): optical density of filtrates - an index of dissolved coloured organic (humic) matter, visual clarity - to provide an estimate of the beam attenuation coefficient (a fundamental quantity needed for optical modelling) colour (hue) - as an indicator of general WSP 'condition' and irradiance attenuation quantifying depth of light penetration. The value of optical characterisation of WSPs is illustrated with reference to optical data for WSPs in NZ (including high-rate algal ponds) treating dairy cattle wastewater versus domestic sewage. We encourage increased research on optical characteristics of WSPs and the incorporation of optical measures in monitoring and modelling of WSP performance. 相似文献
73.
A practical resource management method that can significantly reduce cochannel interference (CCI) and improve spectrum utilisation in FH-OFDMA packet-based cellular networks is presented. The proposed method seeks an effective combination of dynamic resource allocation with fractional coding and bit loading to respectively minimise CCI and maximise system throughput for a desired performance. 相似文献
74.
Effects of surfactant/silica and silica/cerium ratios on the characteristics of mesoporous Ce-MCM-41
Se Ho Park Bo Yune Song Tai Gyu Lee 《Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry》2008,14(2):261-264
Using the surfactant CTMABr (cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide) and cerium(IV) sulfate, mesoporous Ce-MCM-41 molecular sieves were produced under a hydrothermal condition with various surfactant/silica (surfactant/Si) and silica/cerium (Si/Ce) ratios. Changes to the structural traits caused by changing the molar ratios of both surfactant/Si and Si/Ce were investigated. XRD (X-ray diffraction), FT-IR (fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and SEM (scanning electro microscopy) were used for the characterization of prepared mesoporous samples. Among the tested molar ratios, surfactant/Si ratio of 0.5 and 0.2 showed highest values of d1 0 0 and intensity, respectively, for the Si-MCM-41. XRD analysis also identified a quintessential hexagonal structure of Ce-MCM-41 for the Si/Ce molar ratio higher than 40 (maintaining the surfactant/Si ratio at 0.2). When cerium content was increased to have the Si/Ce molar ratio of 20, the hexagonal structure of Ce-MCM-41 was collapsed due to the structural stress of substituted cerium. FT-IR results confirmed calcination of Ce-MCM-41 and the incorporation of Ce4+ ions of cerium sulfate into the silica surface with proper removal of the surfactant. Rod-like shape with rounded edges of the prepared Ce-MCM-41 samples was identified by SEM. These results suggest surfactant/Si ratio of 0.2 and Si/Ce ratio of 40 for the production of Ce-MCM-41 with the highest level of crystallinity. 相似文献
75.
Yong Bae Park Keum Cheol Hwang Ikmo Park 《Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, IEEE》2008,18(3):152-154
A tapered coaxial tip in a parallel plate waveguide is investigated. A boundary-value problem of electromagnetic scattering from a tapered coaxial monopole is solved rigorously based on the Fourier transform, eigenfunction expansion, and mode matching. Scattering parameters are represented in a series and computed to understand the behavior of the scattering in terms of the coaxial tip geometry. 相似文献
76.
In this paper, a new method for detecting text regions in natural scene images is presented. The proposed algorithm is based on the segmentation of objects in a scene, followed by the identification of text objects by a support vector machine (SVM). First, to segment objects in the scene, the input image is separated into chromatic and achromatic regions according to the distribution of red, green and blue (RGB) elements, and different clustering algorithms are applied. Second, each object is transformed into the wavelet domain for multi-resolution analysis, and moment features of the wavelet coefficients are used in the SVM for the classification of text objects. The proposed approach provides robustness to non-uniform illumination by using different clustering algorithms according to the characteristics of the colour components in the segmentation. Also, moment features, used for classification, are invariant to the size, direction, shape and other properties of texts. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. 相似文献
77.
78.
Phenylbutazone was recrystallized from its solutions by using a supercritical fluid antisolvent process. It was dissolved
in acetone and supercritical carbon dioxide was injected into the solution, thereby inducing supersaturation and particle
formation. Variation in the physical properties of the recrystallized phenylbutazone was investigated as a function of the
crystallizing temperature and the carbon dioxide injection rate. The recrystallized particles showed cleaner surfaces and
more ordered morphology compared to the particles obtained by other methods such as solvent evaporation. X-ray diffraction
patterns indicated that the crystallinity of the particles had been modified upon the recrystallization. Differential scanning
calorimetry measurement revealed that the crystallizing temperature influenced the thermal stability of the resulting crystals.
Larger crystals were produced when the carbon dioxide injection rate was reduced. 相似文献
79.
ZnO thin film was deposited on various metal electrodes by reactive sputtering, and c-axis preferred orientation of the film has been studied. ZnO, which has high piezoelectricity, is promising for oscillators or filter devices such as surface acoustic wave (SAW) device, gas sensor, and film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR). But, for the application of ZnO film for these devices, the film should be grown with c-axis normal to the electrode. In this study, Pt, Al, and Au were deposited on Si wafer, and the surface roughness and crystal structure of the ZnO film on the electrode were investigated using AFM, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Columnar structures of ZnO films were grown with c-axis normal to all electrodes, and among them Pt electrode showed the highest preferred orientation of ZnO film. 相似文献
80.
As the use of navigation systems becomes more widespread, the demand for advanced functions of navigation systems also increases. In the light of user satisfaction, personalisation of route guidance by incorporating user preferences is one of the most desired features. A user model applied to personalised route guidance is presented. The user model adaptively updates route selection rules when it discovers the predicted choice differs from the actual choice of the driver. This study employs a decision tree learning algorithm, the C4.5 algorithm, which has advantages over other data mining methods in terms of its comprehensible model structure. Simulation experiments with a real-world network were conducted to analyse the applicability of the model to adaptive route guidance and the accuracy of its prediction 相似文献