The influence of diet, consumption and lipid use on recruitment of white bass

The abundance of white bass (Morone chrysops) in Lake Erie has declined in recent years, sparking interest in mechanisms influencing its recruitment. We evaluate two mechanisms affecting recruitment: diet and the potential for competition, and storage of lipid energy reserves and the relationship to overwinter survival. The fish in our study were characteristic of white bass in the northern portion of their range, feeding predominantly on zooplankton. Only the largest age‐0 white bass ate fish as a significant portion of their diet. Over the summer sampling period, we found decreasing ration sizes, expressed as a percentage of maximum ration, as the summer progressed with a concomitant decrease in the relative amount of lipid storage. In laboratory experiments, age‐0 white bass held at 5°C and given food ad libitum did feed, but at rates that were insufficient to maintain body weight. Loss in weight was accompanied with a loss in lipids at a rate of 2.8 mg of lipids per gram of body weight per day. Based on our data, we concluded that age‐0 white bass in Lake Erie were food‐limited. Food limitation resulted in reduced growth rates, presumably related to competition with other planktivorous fishes. Reduced growth results in increased mortality and, ultimately, low recruitment through increased risk of predation by larger piscivorous fishes, reduced ability for white bass to switch to more energetically profitable piscivory and the increased likelihood of higher overwinter mortality because of reduced lipid stores.     

ADHD and College Students: Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Structures With Student and Parent Data.

Exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were used to investigate the structure of the Student Report Inventory (SRI) and Parent Report Inventory (PRI) of the College Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Response Evaluation. The sample was composed of 1,080 college students and their parents and was stratified by ethnicity, gender, ability level, age, grade, region of residence, and psychoeducational classification status. Results varied according to the information source (self-report vs. parent). EFA uncovered and CFA confirmed 3 distinct and reliable dimensions for student reports: Inattention, Hyperactivity, and Impulsivity. By contrast, EFA and CFA uncovered a reliable 2-dimension structure for the parent-report data. Factor structures replicated across genders (3 factors for the SRI, and 2 factors for the PRI). Results are discussed in terms of the divergence of structures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Substrate current based avalanche multiplication measurement in 120 GHz SiGe HBTs

A new substrate current-based technique for measuring the avalanche multiplication factor (M - 1) in high-speed SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) is proposed. The technique enables M - 1 measurement at high operating current densities required for high-speed operation, where conventional techniques fail because of self-heating. Using the proposed technique, M - 1 was measured up to 10 mA//spl mu/m/sup 2/ on SiGe HBTs featuring 120 GHz peak f/sub T/ which occurs at J/sub C/ about 7 mA//spl mu/m/sup 2/. Implications for circuit applications are also discussed.     

The relevance of Sigmund Freud for the 21st century.

This special issue of Psychoanalytic Psychology celebrates the 150th anniversary of the birth of Sigmund Freud on May 6, 1856. The 15 papers and one book review in different ways address the question of Freud's continued relevance. The contributors to this special issue approach the topic in multiple ways. Some authors stay close to the question, while other authors write on topics dear to them. All are, nonetheless, distinguished contributors to contemporary psychoanalysis and most need no introduction to the readership of this journal. Individual contributions to the special issue are summarized. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Plasma-assisted co-evaporation of β-indium sulfide thin films

This paper describes the development of plasma-assisted co-evaporation (PACE) for the formation of β-In₂S₃ thin films. Indium was supplied by conventional thermal evaporation, while the chalcogen gas precursor (H₂S) was activated using an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source. Using a combination of optical emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry it was shown that the ICP effectively dissociated H₂S, producing atomic sulfur. Transport modeling was used to quantify the flux distributions of the co-evaporated metal and the plasma-generated species impinging the substrate. Model predictions were validated by measurements of deposition rate and film properties. Substantial improvements in both materials utilization and substrate temperature reduction were realized with respect to conventional co-evaporation. β-In₂S₃ was formed as low as 100 °C and it was observed that quality was a strong function of S/In ratio. The grain size decreased and the optical band gap increased as the substrate temperature was reduced.     

Resource planning and bandwidth allocation in hybrid fiber–coax residential networks

The introduction of new high bandwidth services such as video-on-demand by cable operators will put a strain on existing resources. It is important for cable operators to know how many resources to commit to the network to satisfy customer demands. In this paper, we develop models of voice and video traffic to determine the effect of demand growth on hybrid fiber–coax networks. We obtain a set of guidelines that network operators can use to build out their networks in response to increased demand. We begin with one type of traffic and generalize to an arbitrary number of high-bandwidth constant bit rate (CBR) like services to obtain service blocking probabilities. We consider the effect of supporting variable bit rate (VBR) packet-switched traffic in addition to CBR services. These computations help us to determine how cable networks would function under various conditions (i.e., low, medium, and heavy loads). We also consider how the growth rate of the popularity of such services would change over time, and how this impacts network planning. Our findings will help cable operators estimate how much bandwidth they need to provision for a given traffic growth model and connection blocking requirement.     

Identification of key volatiles responsible for odour quality differences in popped popcorn of selected hybrids

Volatile compounds from six hot-air-popped popcorn hybrids, being also classified into three types, were evaluated by a gas chromatograph equipped with a mass spectrometer (GC/MS). In addition, 68 panelists determined odour quality differences of the popped kernels by an aroma ranking test. Total number of volatiles detected by GC/MS were 195, of which 51 peaks were positively identified, 92 peaks were tentatively identified, and 52 peaks were unidentified. The relationships between quality/quantity of volatiles and sensory results revealed that 2-acetylpyridine was considered to contribute to the overall popped popcorn aroma quality favorably or not adversely. However, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, 2-methylpyrazine, ethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine and 3-ethyl-2, 5-dimethylpyrazine were found to be important popcorn volatiles, but to contribute negatively to characteristic popped popcorn odour. Numerous other volatiles such as 2-furfurylthiol (2-furanmethanthiol), pyrrole, 3-(methylthio)propanal (methional), 3-furaldehyde, 4-vinyl-2-methoxyphenol (4-vinylguaiacol), 2-pentylfuran, 2-furanmethanol (furfuryl alcohol), hexanal, 1-pentanol, 2-methyl-5-vinylpyrazine, 2-methoxyphenol (guaiacol), 2-acetylpyrrole and others may be responsible in part of typical popcorn aroma characteristics.     

Conceptualizing and measuring counselors' theoretical orientation.

This review discusses issues in conceptualizing and measuring counselors' theoretical orientations to practice. Two dimensions of counselor theoretical orientation seem to emerge in several studies: an Analytical-Experiential dimension and an Objective-Subjective dimension. Fifteen instruments previously proposed as measures of counselors' and therapists' theoretical orientations are evaluated. Psychometric properties and the utility of each instrument are critically examined. Few instruments show evidence of reliability and even fewer have been shown to have evidence of validity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

FORECASTING GLOBAL ICE VOLUME

Abstract. Forecasts and associated probability limits of total ice volume for the next 100 000 years are found based upon a historical record of 440 000 years of oxygen-18 from deep sea cores. The forecasts are found using two different time series models, one based on the assumption that ice volume contains deterministic sinusoids, and one assuming that the record contains 'disturbed periodicities', i.e. the sinusoids do not have the same cycle length and amplitude from one cycle to another. The results for the two models are seen to be very similar, with both predicting a small probability for a future ice volume event to be as large as the last ice age, which was one of the largest glaciations of the last 2 million years.