Preparation of solar selective absorbing CuO coating for medium temperature application

A new method of preparing CuO solar selective absorbing coating for medium temperature is presented. After pretreatment, brass was overlaid with CuO by chemical plating. The effects of reactant concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time on the absorptivity of CuO coating were investigated. The optimized condition of preparing CuO coating was obtained. The CuO coating was analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In order to prolong the period of use, the CuO coating was protected by TiO₂. The experiment shows that the TiO₂/CuO coating is more heat-resistant, acid-resistant, and wear resistant than CuO coating, without losing absorptivity markedly. The TiO₂ coating can reduce emissivity and protect the CuO coating. Translated from Journal of Tianjin University, 2006, 39(12): 1485–1489 [译自: 天津大学学报]     

氧化钕填充尼龙6的结晶行为

利用示差扫描量热仪（ＤＳＣ）研究了氧化钕（Ｎｄ２Ｏ３）对尼龙６（ＰＡ６）等温结晶行为的影响。结果表明，Ｎｄ２Ｏ３在ＰＡ６体系中起到了异相成核作用，提高了ＰＡ６的晶体增长速率。     

类球形低硫磷酸铁的制备技术研究

磷酸铁（FePO₄）是锂电池正极材料磷酸铁锂（LiFePO₄）的核心前驱体,FePO₄形貌及硫含量对合成的LiFePO₄材料性能有重要影响。为得到类球形低硫FePO₄产品,在传统液相沉淀法技术基础上做了改进优化,添加十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）作为形貌助剂提高产品球形度,添加氨水作为配体形成磷酸铁铵配合物改善结晶过程,降低产品硫含量。结果表明：所制备的FePO₄产品硫质量分数低,达到2.6×10 ^-5,形貌为均一的微米类球形颗粒,D₅₀=11.4 μm,振实密度达到1.22 g/cm ³,有望成为制备高压实密度LiFePO₄材料的核心前驱体。     

Preparation of ketoprofen‐loaded high‐molecular‐weight poly(vinyl alcohol) gels

High‐molecular‐weight atactic poly(vinyl alcohol) (a‐PVA) gels loaded with (R,S)‐2‐(3‐benzoylphenyl)propionic acid (ketoprofen) were prepared from 5, 6, 7, and 8 g/dL solutions of a‐PVA with a number‐average degree of polymerization of 4000 in an ethylene glycol/water mixture with an aging method to identify the effect of the initial polymer concentration on the swelling behavior, morphology, and thermal properties of a‐PVA gels. Then, the release behavior of ketoprofen from a‐PVA gels was investigated. As the polymer concentration decreased, the ability for network formation decreased, and the degree of swelling of the a‐PVA gels increased. In addition, the enthalpy increased with an increase in the a‐PVA concentration, but the melting temperatures of the gels prepared at different initial polymer concentrations were the same; this indicated that tighter gel networks would be formed by a higher polymer chain density. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

Unusual kinetic inhibitor effects on gas hydrate formation

Gas hydrate formation experiments were conducted with a methane-ethane mixture at 273.7 or 273.9 K and 5100 kPa and using water droplets or water contained in cylindrical glass columns. The effect of kinetic inhibitors and the water/solid interface on the induction time for hydrate crystallization and on the hydrate growth and decomposition characteristics was studied. It was found that inhibitors GHI 101 and Luvicap EG delayed the onset of hydrate nucleation. While this inhibition effects has been reported previously some unusual behaviour was observed and reported for the first time. In particular, the water droplet containing GHI 101 or Luvicap EG was found to collapse prior to nucleation and spread out on the Teflon surface. Subsequently, hydrate was formed as a layer on the surface. Catastrophic growth and spreading of the hydrate crystals was also observed during hydrate formation in the glass columns in the presence of the kinetic inhibitor. Finally, when polyethylene oxide (PEO) was added into the kinetic inhibitor solution the memory effect on the induction time decreased dramatically.     

Effect of rare earth elements surface treatment on tensile properties of aramid fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites

Solutions of rare earth modifier (RES) and epoxy chloropropane (ECP) grafting modification method were used for the surface treatment of aramid fiber. Tensile properties of both the aramid/epoxy composites and single fibers were tested. The effects of RES concentration on tensile properties of aramid/epoxy composites were investigated in detail to explore an optimum amount of rare earth elements in solution for modifying aramid fiber. The fracture surface morphologies of tensile specimens were observed and analyzed with the aid of SEM. The experimental results show that rare earth treatment is superior to ECP grafting treatment in promoting interfacial adhesion between the aramid fiber and epoxy matrix. Meanwhile, the tensile strengths of single fibers were almost not affected by RES treatment. The optimum performance is obtained when the content of rare earth elements is 0.5 wt %. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1037–1041, 2004     

Activation of a Au/TiO2 Catalyst by Loading a Large Amount of Fe–Oxide: Oxidation of CO Enhanced by H2 and H2O

Catalytic activity of a 1 wt% Au/TiO₂ catalyst is markedly improved by loading a large amount of FeO_x, on which the oxidation of CO in excess H₂ is selectively promoted at temperature lower than 60 °C. Oxidation of CO with O₂ on the FeO_x/Au/TiO₂ catalyst is markedly enhanced by H₂, and H₂O moisture also enhances the oxidation of CO but its effect is not so large as the promotion by H₂. We deduced that activation of Au/TiO₂ catalyst by loading FeO_x is not caused by the size effect of Au particles but a new reaction path via hydroxyl carbonyl intermediate is responsible for the superior activity of the FeO_x/Au/TiO₂ catalyst.     

A Framework for Moving Least Squares Method with Total Variation Minimizing Regularization

In this paper, we propose a computational framework to incorporate regularization terms used in regularity based variational methods into least squares based methods. In the regularity based variational approach, the image is a result of the competition between the fidelity term and a regularity term, while in the least squares based approach the image is computed as a minimizer to a constrained least squares problem. The total variation minimizing denoising scheme is an exemplary scheme of the former approach with the total variation term as the regularity term, while the moving least squares method is an exemplary scheme of the latter approach. Both approaches have appeared in the literature of image processing independently. By putting schemes from both approaches into a single framework, the resulting scheme benefits from the advantageous properties of both parties. As an example, in this paper, we propose a new denoising scheme, where the total variation minimizing term is adopted by the moving least squares method. The proposed scheme is based on splitting methods, since they make it possible to express the minimization problem as a linear system. In this paper, we employed the split Bregman scheme for its simplicity. The resulting denoising scheme overcomes the drawbacks of both schemes, i.e., the staircase artifact in the total variation minimizing based denoising and the noisy artifact in the moving least squares based denoising method. The proposed computational framework can be utilized to put various combinations of both approaches with different properties together.     

4-(6′甲基苯并噻唑-2′-偶氮)-3,5-二氨基吡唑与钯显色反应的研究和应用

对6种苯并噻唑偶氮吡唑化合物的分析特性进行了探讨,着重研究了4—(6′—甲基苯并噻唑-2′-偶氮)-3,5-二氨基吡唑(MBTAP)与钯离子显色反应的光度性质。在非离子表面活性剂 Brij35存在下与钯离子形成橙红色的配合物。适宜的 pH 值范围为9.0～10.5.配合物的最大吸收波长为510nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为3.01×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。钯在0～14μg/25mL,范围内服从比尔定律.显色体系可稳定11h。在柠檬酸存在下可消除 Fe~(3+)、Co~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)等离子的干扰。     

Quantitative Analysis of Zinc Vaporization from Manganese Zinc Ferrites

Zinc vaporization of Mn-Zn ferrites was quantitatively characterized in terms of oxygen partial pressure P _O2, temperature, grain size and sample geometry. The amount of zinc loss was measured as a function of time at various temperatures by a thermogravimetric method. The weight loss due to irreversible zinc vaporization showed a linear behavior with time and increased exponentially with temperature. The observed weight loss due to zinc evaporation at 1100°C was small, whereas a significant weight change was detected at 1200°C. The weight loss was even greater in a reducing atmosphere ( P _O2= 5 × 10⁻⁵). Below 1300°C, the diffusion of elemental zinc was sufficiently fast to compensate the zinc loss at the interface region, resulting in a linear dependence on time. At temperatures ≥1400°C, the weight change no longer followed the linear dependence and showed a rather parabolic behavior with a concave upward slope. The core shape and the gas flow around ferrite cores were important factors that affected the rate of zinc vaporization, but not the grain size.