Detection of beeswax adulterations using concentration guide‐values

The concentrations of 102 chemical compounds (saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, palmitates, total and free acids, total hydroxyacids, total and free alcohols, acidic monoesters and monoesterified 1,2,3‐propanetriols) have been determined by GC/FID on white and yellow comb beeswax of Apis mellifera from different regions of Spain. Guide‐value ranges are proposed for its characterization and to discriminate adulterated foundation beeswax sheets. The concentrations of many compounds resulted to be statistically different for white and yellow beeswaxes, while the observation of concentrations out of normal in some marketed foundation beeswax sheets suggested their adulteration. However, the measurement of anomalous concentrations in foundation beeswax sheets did not imply necessarily their rejection by the bees.     

通过细乳液聚合方法制备自交联型有机硅乳液

苯乙烯与甲基丙烯酸-3-三甲氧基硅丙酯(M PS)经细乳液聚合,制得了稳定的自交联型的水分散涂料,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、动态光散射仪(DLS)和红外光谱(IR)表征了乳胶粒的形态和结构。发现与传统乳液聚合相比,细乳液聚合法可显著提高乳液的稳定性,且M PS加入量的增加会导致乳液稳定性降低。     

Electrochemical reduction of nitrate on Pt(S)[n(1 1 1) × (1 1 1)] electrodes in perchloric acid solution

The electrochemical reduction of nitrate ion was studied by cyclic voltammetry on Pt(1 1 1) and [n(1 1 1) × (1 1 1)] stepped Pt surfaces, where n (=14, 10, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2) is the number of terrace atoms, in 0.1 M HClO₄ + 10 mM KNO₃. The electrocatalytic nitrate reduction was found to hardly proceed on Pt(1 1 1) in the hydrogen adsorption region, while the electrocatalytic activity was improved with the increase in the step density. Inactivation was observed in the presence of adsorbed hydrogen or nitrate-derived reduced adsorbate, i.e. adsorbed NO, on (1 1 1) step sites. It was, therefore, concluded that the electrocatalytically active NO₃⁻ species does not adsorb on the (1 1 1) terraces but on the (1 1 1) monoatomic steps. The nitrate reduction current increased with the step density in a non-linear relationship. The overall current density at 0.21 V (RHE) corresponding to the peak potential of the main electrocatalytic nitrate reduction wave which was maximum at n = 2, abruptly increased with short terraces, i.e. n < 5, where the current wave of adsorbed hydrogen on the Pt stepped surface with comparatively narrow (1 1 1) terraces, denoted as H_nt, also appeared unmodified for n < 5 on voltammograms recorded in 0.1 M HClO₄ in the absence of nitrate.     

熔融插层PP／蒙脱土复合材料性能的研究

选用种类不同的蒙脱土（MMT）分别与PP进行熔融插层共混，制得PP／MMT复合材料。讨论了插层共混复合材料的力学性能、耐热性及流动性，同时考察了PP-g-MAH用量对复合体系相容性的影响。结果表明，复合材料的拉伸强度提高6％以上，弯曲强度提高16％，而冲击强度变化不大。PP-g-MAH对MMT与PP的增容效果较为明显；MMT的加入使PP球晶尺寸明显减小，晶体结构更为致密，起到了成核剂的作用。     

A 2D algorithm with asymmetric workload for the UPC conjugate gradient method

This paper examines four different strategies, each one with its own data distribution, for implementing the parallel conjugate gradient (CG) method and how they impact communication and overall performance. Firstly, typical 1D and 2D distributions of the matrix involved in CG computations are considered. Then, a new 2D version of the CG method with asymmetric workload, based on leaving some threads idle during part of the computation to reduce communication, is proposed. The four strategies are independent of sparse storage schemes and are implemented using Unified Parallel C (UPC), a Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) language. The strategies are evaluated on two different platforms through a set of matrices that exhibit distinct sparse patterns, demonstrating that our asymmetric proposal outperforms the others except for one matrix on one platform.     

α-Fe2O3/煤矸石复合光催化剂的制备及其降解五氯酚性能的研究

以Fe（NO₃）₃、煤矸石和NaOH为原料,采用沸腾回流法制得了一系列不同质量比的α-Fe₂O₃/煤矸石复合光催化剂。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）及紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）等多种手段对产物做了表征。以五氯酚为目标降解物,考察了模拟太阳光照下样品的光催化效果。结果表明,将球形α-Fe₂O₃负载于改性煤矸石表面可有效提高其光催化活性,且α-Fe₂O₃/煤矸石复合光催化剂的性能与α-Fe₂O₃的含量有关,当α-Fe₂O₃与煤矸石的质量比为30∶100时,样品的光催化效果最佳,180 min内即可将五氯酚降解完全。此外,α-Fe₂O₃/煤矸石复合光催化剂还具有可重复使用的特点。     

Study on pH‐sensitive and thermosensitive polymer networks containing polyacetal segments

A series of pH‐sensitive and thermosensitive polymer networks were first obtained by copolymerization of telechelic poly(1,3‐dioxolane) (PDXL) with acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), and N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), respectively. The copolymerization of PDXL diacrylate (PDXLDA) with AA, AM, or NIPAM is expected to lead to polymer networks in which homopolymeric segments of the monomer are connected by polyacetal segments. As a combination of these two parts, these polymer networks can have some interesting physical properties. For example, the copolymer networks of poly(AA‐b‐DXL) showed pH sensitivity, and both the copolymer networks of poly(AM‐b‐DXL) and poly(NIPAM‐b‐DXL) showed temperature sensitivity. Moreover, because of the low ceiling temperature of polyDXL, the networks containing polyacetal segments (PDXL) can degrade by treatment with a trace of appropriate cationic initiator. The polymer networks prepared were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, and swelling data. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 3002–3006, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.2329     

供应链优化技术研究及应用--润滑油企业物流优化

当前供应链管理和优化已成为一个企业最根本、最核心的竞争力,引起世界各国工业界和学术界的重视.但供应链优化与供应链管理的不同之处在于优化是要去除供应链流程中的非增值环节.为了降低生产成本、提高产品质量,根据润滑油企业物流特点和存在问题,提出在加强库存管理的基础上,实现物流优化.以中国石化供应链管理软件为例,论述了在21世纪全球一体化的知识经济浪潮中,供应链优化是石化流程企业立于不败之地的必由之路.     

Pervaporation of 50 wt % ethanol–water mixtures with poly(1‐trimethylsilyl‐1‐propyne) membranes at high temperatures

Poly(1‐trimethylsilyl‐1‐propyne) (PTMSP) membranes have been used to separate ethanol–water mixtures by pervaporation. This polyacetylene is known to present high affinity toward ethanol, showing high selectivity and ethanol permeation flux. The performance of this polymer in the separation of alcohol–water solutions has been evaluated over long periods (572 h) at a high temperature (75°C) to examine the deterioration of the transport properties in the separation of 50 wt % ethanol–water solutions. Although PTMSP membranes present good characteristics for the separation of gases and liquid mixtures, their organic selectivity decrease with the operating time because of the relaxation processes of the polymeric chains, which affect the free volume of the polymer, the deterioration being more evident for concentrated solutions. The effects of the operation temperature on the characteristic parameters of pervaporation have also been studied to establish how this variable affects the performance of PTMSP membranes. The selectivity increases slightly with the operation temperature, but the effect of the temperature on the separation factor decreases as membranes are degraded with the operation time. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2843–2848, 2007     

聚氨酯胶粘剂的研究与应用

简述了聚氨酯胶粘剂的发展状况、粘接特性,以及其存在的不足之处和相应的改性研究。对其在包装业、建筑业、汽车制造、木材粘接、书籍装订、印刷业等方面的应用进行了详细介绍。指出新型高性能、可生物降解的环保型聚氨酯胶粘剂是今后研究的重要方向。