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41.
Juhani Karhumäki 《Theoretical computer science》1979,9(2):207-220
Restricted versions of DT0L systems, so-called commutative DT0L systems, are considered. In these systems the length of a word derived is independent of the order of tables used. It turns out that many interesting length sets or languages, such as the set of composite numbers, are generated by these systems. Moreover, this approach makes it possible to give new (and slightly generalized) proofs for some undecidability results concerning DT0L functions. 相似文献
42.
Timo Matti Juhani Fabritius Petri Tapani Mure Pentti Antero Kupari Veikko Antero Juntunen Jouko Juhani Hrkki 《国际钢铁研究》2001,72(7):237-244
Traditionally, in stainless steelmaking converters, oxygen has been blown by a one‐hole lance (1 HL) and sidewall tuyères. In order to reduce the tap‐to‐tap time, the multi‐hole lance has been used for oxygen blowing. The aim of this work was to develop blowing practise for a multi‐hole lance to reduce the tap‐to‐tap time and minimise metal splashing and spitting in the sidewall blowing converter (chromium converter). In the chromium converter the chemical energy of liquid ferrochrome (which contains 4 % silicon and 7 % carbon) is utilised for scrap melting by oxidising the silicon and the part of carbon. The research has been made by a dynamically scaled water model and full‐scale converter. Used parameters were the gas flowrate from sidewall tuyères and lance, lance height, charge weight and position of multi‐hole lance. Splashing has been measured during blowing from walls (splashing) and mouth of the converter model (spitting). The model tests indicated less splashing and spitting by the three‐hole lance (3 HL) than traditional 1 HL. The 1 HL caused strong skulling of the converter cone. By 3 HL blowing the position of the lance has a remarkable effect on the direction and the amount of splashing and lance life. Because of hot metal‐slag splashes, the life time of the 3 HL was halved by position 1 (compared to 1 HL). With the lance position 2 the splashing decreased by approx. 50% in model tests and lance life time increased by ~ 50% (compared to 1 HL) in the full‐scale converter. The model agreed well with the full‐scale converter. According to the process tests, the nominal productivity of the chromium converter has increased 15 % and depending on the refining practise and the silicon content of ferrochromium the lining life has increased 20 ‐ 30 %. In the future the multi‐hole lance will be tested in the AOD vessel. 相似文献
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Sibakov Juhani K. Kirjoranta Satu J. Alam Syed Ariful Kokkonen Harri Jurvelin Jukka S. Jouppila Kirsi Poutanen Kaisa S. Sozer Nesli 《Food and Bioprocess Technology》2015,8(2):445-458
Food and Bioprocess Technology - Oats are rich in dietary fibre (DF) especially in β-glucan which has several health-promoting effects. Oats are not commonly used in extruded snacks because... 相似文献
46.
Large refurbishment projects are characterized by highly varied costs from one project to another. In Finnish underpinning, only retrospective analysis of costs has been available for the owner’s decision process. In order to develop tools for pre‐tender cost estimating and for comparison of different design solutions and evaluation of tenders of the underpinning project, two different cost models have been developed for research. In both models developed, the minimum data required is the pile length. In the more detailed model, the assessment is based on the design solution, including known pile types and the load transfer classification. Both models are easy to use, and the percentage of explained variance is fairly good in the more detailed model. 相似文献
47.
Juhani Pallasmaa 《The Journal of Architecture》2013,18(4):289-299
In this the Centennial Year of Alvar Aalto's birth a plethora of events and writings have emanated from sources independent of his origins. Juhani Pallasmaa has lived and worked in the cultural ambience of a world figure in a small country. In reviewing the inheritance of any architect who in his early career prompted a semi-official meeting of the Finnish Architects' Association to 'stop the daredevil before he could cause irreparable harm to the reputation of the esteemed profession' and now is held in such awe that sober critical evaluation has become seriously compromised, he provides fresh insight into Aalto's 'synthetic and inclusive architecture' as landscape, as typology, as tactile experience, as rational structure, as episodic sequence, as 'haptic experience'. 相似文献
48.
Asikainen AH Kuusisto MP Hiltunen MA Ruuskanent J 《Environmental science & technology》2002,36(10):2193-2197
Two experiments were performed with an atmospheric circulating fluidized bed gasifier (ACFBG), the first with pelletized straw and the second with loose straw, to investigate the occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorophenols (CIPhs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated benzenes (ClBzs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in the bottom ash and fly ash formed during gasification. Only PAHs were present in large amounts, and only in the fly ash, ranging from 300 to 555 mg/kg ash in the tests with pelletized straw and from 73 to 118 mg/kg ash in those with loose straw. These amounts are so high that environmentally safe disposal or reuse of the ash would be difficult, so the development of a technique to handle the problem was included in the project. The method investigated was to burn the fly ash in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler in order to destroy the PAHs. This worked surprisingly well, eliminating 99% of the PAHs, without any further formation of the other harmful organic compounds analyzed. Thus, this method could actually be useful in practice. Especially the fact that the formation of PCDD/Fs was minimal during gasification and further treatment of the ash in the CFB boiler makes the gasification technique highly competitive relative to conventional combustion methods. 相似文献
49.
Pirkko Kuusela Jari J. Hmlinen Pekka Reinikainen Juhani Olkku 《Journal of the Institute of Brewing》2004,110(4):309-319
A dynamic model was developed that describes the formation of β‐glucanase and the degradation of β‐glucans at different temperatures and grain moistures during the germination of malting barley. The process was analysed by simulations and by solving an optimal control problem for maximising the β‐glucanase activity. The results demonstrate the effects of controlling dynamically the germination process and improve the understanding of cytolysis in germination. 相似文献
50.
Hoikkala A Mustonen E Saastamoinen I Jokela T Taponen J Saloniemi H Wähälä K 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2007,51(7):782-786
The isoflavonoids, equol, formononetin, daidzein, genistein, biochanin A, and O-demethylangolensin (O-DMA), were analyzed from commercial cartons of skimmed Finnish milk by HPLC-diode array detector (DAD)-FL. We found 411 +/- 65 ng/mL of equol and traces of formononetin and daidzein in organic skimmed milk whereas conventionally produced milk contained 62 +/- 16 ng/mL of equol and no formononetin or daidzein. 相似文献