2种超滤膜作为反渗透预处理工艺处理印染废水的比较

采用超滤和反渗透双膜技术处理广东省某印染污水处理有限公司的印染废水。分别使用了PVDF和PP中空纤维超滤膜,做为反渗透的预处理,并考察对比了2种超滤膜的性能和在相同操作条件下对印染废水的处理效果。结果表明,2种超滤膜均能有效地去除废水浊度和大分子有机物,PVDF膜对浊度的去除率达到了97%~99%,PP膜对浊度的去除率为94%~97%;2种超滤膜对SDI处理都能达到SDI<3,符合反渗透系统的进水要求。PVDF膜的膜通量稳定保持在18 L/(m2·h)以上,PP膜的膜通量在8~16 L/(m2·h)。PVDF膜的进水压力小于PP膜,能耗较低。PVDF膜的跨膜压差在0.08 MPa以下,PP膜的跨膜压差在0.13~0.19 MPa。PVDF中空纤维超滤膜对印染废水的处理性能要优于PP中空纤维超滤膜。     

Chemical Analysis with High Spatial Resolution by Rutherford Backscattering and Raman Confocal Spectroscopies: Surface Hierarchically Structured Glasses

Copper and iron in glasses constitute classical aims of study because of the optical effects that they produce. Structured materials are also interesting due to the incorporated functionalities derived from their spatial organization. Here, CuO and Fe₂O₃ were incorporated into a standard glass, from which glass coatings with different thicknesses were studied. Whereas iron cations dissolved in the glassy matrix, copper cations saturated it and crystallized at the surface, forming a hierarchical microstructure. The surface microstructure consisted of crystallizations of Tenorite (CuO) forming interconnected walls. The walls surrounding areas of glassy matrix gave rise to a cells microstructure. Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry provided the composition of the samples with high depth resolution, and Raman Confocal Microscopy determined the phases location and their distribution forming the microstructure. The joint information from both techniques allowed high chemical and spatial resolution of the main cations location for the hierarchical surface microstructure.     

Bibliometric Output from Colombian Researchers with Approved Projects by COLCIENCIAS between 1983 and 1994

We present a characterization of bibliometric output in Colombia resulting from research projects financed by COLCIENCIAS between 1983 and 1994 in the following programs: Health Sciences; Basic Science; Energy and Mining; Agricultural Sciences; Technological, Industrial and Quality Development; Marine Sciences; Social Sciences; Education; Environment and Habitat; Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Systems.In the case of periodicals, we establish: patterns of production by author; patterns of publication in national journals vs. international journals; the effect of international collaboration in projects over publication in international journals; patterns of bibliometric production by fields of research using UNESCO classifications; a list of the most frequently used journals by Colombian researchers as vehicles to communicate their results; patterns of bibliometric production from Colombian institutions; geographical distribution of bibliometric output; and finally, a review on the mean number of authors of articles for some fields of science and technology.We present also theses production patterns for books and B.Sc., MSc. and PhD. theses using UNESCO codes of the projects. We comment on the human resources formation.It is found as a dominant behavior of the so commented patterns a low index of publication per project and a high tendency in the distribution of publications to concentrate on few actors (researchers, institutions, origin of the publication, journals, human resources). It is also found that there exists a strong concentration of bibliometric output in the program of Basic Sciences, in fields such as phytochemistry and solid state physics (super and semiconductors).     

Zr—4合金双轴疲劳行为及其微观变形机理Ⅱ.双轴循环变形亚结构及其？…

用透射电镜分别观察了Zr-4合金比例和非比例双轴疲劳变形亚结构.结果表明等效应变幅为0.8%,不同主应变比下,Zr-4合金比例双轴疲劳后典型的位错组态是{1010}柱面滑移产生的平行位错线.随着等效应变幅提高,从平面状向波纹状滑移转化,有形成位错胞的趋势.非比例加载过程中,随着相位角从30°增大到90°,位错组态从平行位错墙变化成位错胞.相位角为90°时,随着等效应变幅提高,位错保持位错胞结构,但位错密度增高.非比例变形前后织构分析表明随着相位角提高,{1010}极点密度减弱,{1011}锥面极点密度增强,表明合金塑性变形从以{1010}柱面滑移为主向柱面滑移加锥面滑移多系滑移转化.Zr-4合金非比例附加强化一方面是由于部分柱面滑移被锥面滑移取代后,滑移系本身临界分切应力提高;另一方面由于多滑移导致〈a/a〉和〈c+a〉/〈a〉位错与位错之间交互作用力提高.     

Determination of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in Capsicum anuum and related products by capillary electrophoresis with a mixed surfactant system

An easy, rapid, sensitive, and cheap capillary electrophoresis (CE) method based a mixed surfactant system formed by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20) as modifier in the buffer was reported. Quantitative analysis of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in Capsicum anuum, pepper sauce and porous capsicum plaster was demonstrated. After conducting a series of optimisations, baseline separation was obtained for the analytes within 5 min under the optimum conditions (15 mM sodium tetraborate–0.05% (v/v) Tween 20–2.2 mM SDS buffer (pH 10.1), 20 kV voltage, 214 nm UV detection). The method resulted in excellent linearity, with r² of regression equation of 0.9994 and 0.9996 for capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, respectively. Recoveries were in the range 90–107% and 92–109% for capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, respectively.     

Relaxing the maximum dc input amplitude vs. consumption trade‐off in differential‐input band‐pass biquad filters

This paper shows that an important part of the power consumption of a biquad band‐pass filter is associated with the feedback loop that fixes the high‐pass frequency and blocks the direct current (dc) input signals. The dc input amplitude that can be blocked is related to the maximum output current that one of the transconductors can provide, hence impacting on the required consumption through this effect. Then, a technique that efficiently blocks the dc input signal and fixes the high‐pass frequency is introduced and analyzed in depth. Moreover, an architecture for ultra‐low‐power differential‐input biquads is fully presented. The proposed architecture enables lowering the power consumption or blocking higher levels of dc input without jeopardizing the power consumption. Results show that the proposed architecture, compared with a traditional one, presents a 30% reduction in power consumption and more than doubles the dc input that can be blocked. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Extracting Low-Frequency Spatio-Temporal Patterns in Ambient Power System Data Using Blind Source Separation

Wide-area techniques provide a powerful tool to extract spatio-temporal patterns from high-dimensional datasets and can be used for event detection and visualization, data fusion, stability assessment, and coherency analysis. In this paper, a novel blind source separation-based approach for extracting low-frequency spatio-temporal patterns from measured ambient power system data is proposed and a spatio-temporal visualization index is also suggested. This methodology combines a nonlinear hierarchical neural network with a Blind Source Separation (BSS) technique. The neural network allows reducing noise and removing the nonlinear relations among data (preserve dynamic features of interest), while the BSS technique permits extracting spatial and temporal patterns. In addition, the proposed approach takes advantage of the latest techniques in nonlinear estimation of non-stationary time series. Finally, application examples of the proposed framework on real test cases recorded from an actual power system by Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are presented. The obtained results show that the temporal patterns can be used for extracting and identifying the low-frequency oscillation modes and the spatial patterns can be used for identifying modes with the most contribution in original data. Compared to other BSS approaches, the proposed method has shown to be better for the analysis of real ambient data.     

实施全面质量管理,提高高职高专教育教学工作水平

本论述了我国高职高专教育教学工作实验全面质量管理（TQC）的意义和其在高职高专教育教学工作中的应用,并对如何应用全面质量管理,提高高职高专教育教学工作水平谈了几点看法。     

Integrated circuit implementation of multi-dimensional piecewise-linear functions

In this paper we present an integrated circuit implementing piecewise-linear (PWL) functions with three inputs, where each input can be either analog or digital. The PWL function to be implemented can be chosen by properly storing a set of coefficients in a 4 kB external memory. Experimental results are shown that demonstrate the circuit working up to 50 MHz with a maximum power consumption of 3.7 mW. Measurements corresponding to both static and time-varying inputs are provided and discussed.