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11.
Gender differences were examined in the context of situational effects. Participants monitored interpersonal behavior for 20 days, using an event-sampling strategy. The monitored behaviors reflected dominance and submissiveness (components of agency) and agreeableness and quarrelsomeness (components of communion). The situations reflected differences in the status of work roles: interactions with boss, co-worker, and supervisee. Status influenced agency. Individuals were most agentic when with a supervisee and least agentic when with a boss. Gender did not influence agency but did influence communal behaviors. Women were more communal regardless of social role status; women were especially communal with other women, compared with men with men. Findings about agency supported a social role theory interpretation of gender differences. Results for communion were consistent with accounts of the influence of sex segregation on interpersonal relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
12.
Bioanalytical automation expanded at Glaxo Inc. from 1987 to
1991 by cycling through periods of justification, planning,
implementation, obstacle-jumping and success, which justified
continued cycling. In 1990 it became evident that the technology and
its growth needed to be planned and the resources had to be
managed. A Strategic Plan was researched and prepared. The plan
describes the mission, values, goals and structure of the Bioanalytical
Automation Group and the most important requirements for
achieving those planned goals, including: (1) Long-term management
commitment; (2) Trained, dedicated personnel; (3) Quality
facilities; (4) Teamwork; and (5) Investment in automationcompatible
equipment. The strategic plan has been in effect for over
a year; current status, history, and the future are discussed in this article. 相似文献
13.
Grant Igor; Olshen Richard A.; Atkinson J. Hampton; Heaton Robert K.; Nelson Julie; McCutchan J. Allen; Weinrich James D. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,7(1):53
The relationship of depressed mood to cognitive disturbance in HIV infection was examined in a sample of 139 homosexual men. Ss were grouped according to the classification of the Centers for Disease Control: 39 were in Group IV, 62 were in Group II or Group III, and 38 were HIV-negative. Ss completed the Profile of Mood States and 10 neuropsychological tests. Analysis employing a classification approach indicated that, although symptoms of depression and neuropsychological impairment were more common in Ss who were HIV-positive, particularly those classified as Group IV, there were no systematic relationships between depression and neuropsychological impairment. Depressed mood and cognitive disturbance each seem to have unique associations to HIV illness status. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
14.
The differential effectiveness of group psychotherapy was estimated in a meta-analysis of 111 experimental and quasi-experimental studies published over the past 20 years. A number of client, therapist, group, and methodological variables were examined in an attempt to determine specific as well as generic effectiveness. Three different effect sizes were computed: active versus wait list, active versus alternative treatment, and pre- to posttreatment improvement rates. The active versus wait list overall effect size (0.58) indicated that the average recipient of group treatment is better off than 72% of untreated controls. Improvement was related to group composition, setting, and diagnosis. Findings are discussed within the context of what the authors have learned about group treatment, meta-analytic studies of the extant group literature, and what remains for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
15.
Optimization of a Ductile-Particle-Toughened Ceramic 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The nature of the interfacial bond has a major effect on the degree of toughening that can be achieved in a ductile-particle-reinforced ceramic-matrix composite. The effect of variation of oxygen partial pressure during fabrication on the bonding in an alumina-nickel composite has been investigated. Calculations suggest that wetting of alumina by nickel should always be accompanied by spinel (NiAl2 O4 formation. A range of microstructures within a single specimen have been produced, however, indicating that wetting occurs more rapidly than spinel formation and that reduction of oxygen partial pressure during the hot-pressing process can prevent spinel formation after wetting has occurred. Within this specimen, interfaces that have been formed under nonwetting conditions or conditions under which spinel formation has occurred are weak, whereas wetting without spinel formation produces chemically strengthened and mechanically interlocked interfaces that lead to crack interaction with the metallic particles and a higher toughening increment than for other microstructures. Subsequent specimens fabricated from preconsolidation-heat-treated powder exhibit favorable microstructures throughout, are tougher, and show more-desirable resistance-curve behavior in double-cantilever-beam tests than specimens produced from unreacted powder. 相似文献
16.
Evidence from 3 experiments reveals interference effects from structural relationships that are inconsistent with any grammatical parse of the perceived input. Processing disruption was observed when items occurring between a head and a dependent overlapped with either (or both) syntactic or semantic features of the dependent. Effects of syntactic interference occur in the earliest online measures in the region where the retrieval of a long-distance dependent occurs. Semantic interference effects occur in later online measures at the end of the sentence. Both effects endure in offline comprehension measures, suggesting that interfering items participate in incorrect interpretations that resist reanalysis. The data are discussed in terms of a cue-based retrieval account of parsing, which reconciles the fact that the parser must violate the grammar in order for these interference effects to occur. Broader implications of this research indicate a need for a precise specification of the interface between the parsing mechanism and the memory system that supports language comprehension. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
17.
Julie Ann Wambach 《Behaviour & Information Technology》1995,14(3):183-195
The electronic mail (EM) network in a large, multi-campus community college district was used by some employees to gain support for positions contrary to those of the leadership. The case study offered an opportunity to look at technology within an organizational setting. It raised questions about the loose coupling of the educational organization's technical and authority systems, about the strength of coupling among employee groups during the incident, about the boundaries of the EM political activists, and about the power manifested within educational organization's technical and authority systems. A variety of research methods (stages of event progression, fantasy types associated with consciousness-building, and evidence of user technical and rhetorical skills) were used to answer questions about the organization's loosely coupled systems during the EM political incident. Notes were taken of conversations and more formal interviews. From this the technical and authority systems of the institution were described and compared. Results indicated that (1) the loose coupling of the technical and the authority systems made the EM political incident possible; (2) employees were more tightly coupled on organizational goals and more loosely coupled on organizational means; (3) political activists did not make full use of the EM's political medium potential; and (4) when the college district's administration refused to limit anyone's use of the EM network, they reinforced the integrity of both the authority and the technical systems.
Implications included: (1) the potential of some of the research methods for EM study, especially fantasy theme analysis; (2) a political interpretation of EM language, especially flaming; (3) the importance of technical and rhetorical skills for mature EM users; and (4) the role of the authority and technical systems in the debate about appropriate EM network use within an organization. 相似文献
Implications included: (1) the potential of some of the research methods for EM study, especially fantasy theme analysis; (2) a political interpretation of EM language, especially flaming; (3) the importance of technical and rhetorical skills for mature EM users; and (4) the role of the authority and technical systems in the debate about appropriate EM network use within an organization. 相似文献
18.
19.
Julie Y. Qian Raymond A. Pearson Victoria L. Dimonie Mohamed S. El-Aasser 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1995,58(2):439-448
Poly(butadiene-co-styrene) [P(B-S)] core-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) shell particles were prepared using a two-step emulsion polymerization. These core-shell particles were used to toughen an epoxy polymer. The role of particle-epoxy interfaces were studied by systematically varying the shell compositions of the core-shell particles such as PMMA, P[MMA-acrylonitrile (AN)], P[MMA-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)] and P[MMA-divinyl benzene(DVB)]. Therefore, the nature of the particle-epoxy interfaces is varied in terms of physical interactions and chemical bonding. The fracture toughness values of the toughened epoxies were measured using linear elastic fracture mechanics. Results indicate that the morphology of the dispersed particles in the epoxy matrix plays an important role in the toughening of epoxies. This degree of dispersion can be varied by incorporating AN and GMA comonomers in the PMMA shells or by crosslinking the shell. In summary, nanoscale interactions of the rubber-matrix interface do not directly influence fracture toughness, instead, it was found that the nanoscale interactions could be used to control the blend morphology which has a dramatic effect on toughness. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
20.
The morphology, composition and the electrical and electrochemical behaviour of the anodic microporous layer, prepared by the galvanostatic anodisation of Ti after sparking, followed by galvanostatic deposition of Pt or Ir have been investigated. These electrodes are proposed to function as dimensionally stable anodes (DSAs). For Ti/TiO2/Pt electrodes, Pt is deposited within some of the micropores of the oxide film. In contrast, for Ti/TiO2/Ir, the metal is deposited preferentially on the top surface. This difference is thought to result from the position of the metal deposition potential with respect to the flat band potential of n-TiO2. Optical imaging of both types of DSA suggests that only a few sites on the surface are responsible for electron exchange at the DSA-electrolyte interface. C-AFM measurements of Ti/TiO2/Pt samples subjected to long-term anodic polarisation, suggest that the Ti-noble metal contact is progressively insulated by thickening of the TiO2 barrier layer, promoting passivation of the DSA. For Ir coated anodes, catalytic activity is directly related to the presence of Ir and to the stability of the catalytic oxide layer. Under Cu electrowinning conditions, the electrochemically formed hydrated Ir oxide was found to be catalytically less stable, than the iridium oxide film subjected to a heat treatment. 相似文献