Emission Control of NO and SO2 for the High-Temperature and Low O2 Concentration Combustion of Coke by Urea and NH4HCO3

Urea and NH4HCO3 were used to control the emission of NO and SO2 from the combustion of coke at high-temperature and low oxygen concentration. Urea and NH4HCO3 could control NO emission only under 1100°C. Their effects disappeared above 1100°C even though the increase of urea and NH4HCO3 content from 10?to?50?wt?%. However, they showed good desulfurization effect on the emission of SO2 at all combustion temperatures and their effects showed remarkable results even at 1500°C. Only 10?wt?% of urea or NH4HCO3 could control the emission of SO2 effectively at 1400 and 1500°C. This effect was caused by ?NH and ?NH2 from the thermal decomposition of reducing agents at high temperature. Low O2 concentration showed little effect on the removal of SO2. Ammonia slip from the thermal decomposition of reducing chemical was not a considerable level.     

状态滞后线性系统的H∞状态反馈控制器

利用LMI(线性矩阵不等式)的方法, 首先给出了一般的状态滞后自治系统内稳定且具有H∞范数界的一个充分条件. 并由此得到了一般的状态滞后系统H∞问题有解的一个充分条件, 通过解LMI可以获得控制器的解. 最后举例说明方法的正确性.     

Evolution of textures and microstructures in IF-steel sheets during continuous confined strip shearing and subsequent recrystallization annealing

Interstitial free (IF) steel sheets were deformed by continuous confined strip shearing (CCSS) based on the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). The samples were deformed by CCSS up to three passages and subsequently recrystallized at 700°C for 1 h. The strain history of IF steel sheets in the CCSS die-channel was tackled by finite element method (FEM) simulations. The deformation by CCSS led to the shear deformation and consequently the formation of shear texture components. With increasing number of CCSS passages, the intensity of the deformation texture was hardly increased. The recrystallization texture resembled the deformation texture. The orientation stability was discussed by mean of Taylor deformation model and the formation of recrystallization textures was discussed by occurrence of the discontinuous recrystallization. Observations by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) revealed the formation of ultra-fine grains in IF sheets deformed by CCSS.     

Development of a lane departure monitoring and control system

The lane departure avoidance systems have been considered promising to assist human drivers in AVCS (Advanced Vehicle Control System). In this paper, a lane departure monitoring and control system is developed and evaluated in the hardware-in-the-loop simulations. This system consists of lane sensing, lane departure monitoring and active steering control subsystems. The road image is obtained based on a vision sensor and the lane parameters are estimated using image processing and Kalman Filter technique. The active steering controller for avoiding the lane departure is designed based on the lane departure metric. The proposed lane departure avoidance system is realized in a steering HILS (hardware-in-the-loop simulation) tool and its performance is evaluated with a driver in the loop.     

A cross-sectional analysis of composite beams based on asymptotic framework

This paper presents the accurate prediction of static behavior of composite beams with arbitrary cross-sections. The asymptotic recursive formulation is reviewed first, where the initial three-dimensional problems are split into the macroscopic 1D problems and the microscopic 2D problems. The finite element formulation for the microscopic 2D problems is then presented in order to find the crosssectional warping solutions. The warping solutions obtained contribute the cross-sectional properties to the macroscopic 1D problems. The end effect of the 1D beam problem is also considered via the kinematic correction for a displacement prescribed boundary. The approach presented is applied to the beams with relatively complicated material distributions and cross-sectional geometry. As numerical test-beds, a three-layered sandwich beam and a composite beam with the multi-cell cross-section are taken to analyze the local deformation. A parametric study is also carried out to investigate the significance of shear deformation due to the cross-sectional orthotropic characteristics. The cross-sectional deformation is predicted based on the asymptotic framework. The accuracy of the present approach is assessed by comparing the results obtained with the 3D FEM solutions obtained by ANSYS.     

Improving Usability Perception of Error-Prone AI Speakers: Elaborated Feedback Mitigates Negative Consequences of Errors

ABSTRACT

Users of voice user interface (VUI) often encounter errors, such as when a VUI attempts to recognize a user’s voice inputs or execute tasks. Conversation is prone to errors, and in the collaborative perspective, communicators manage common ground together to handle erroneous situations. Adopting a collaborative view of conversation, we propose that a VUI can address different types of errors by providing users with feedback to aid them in developing common ground to communicate more effectively. To test this proposal, we conducted a 2 (error type: recognition vs. execution error) × 2 (feedback elaboration: present vs. absent) mixed-design experiment in which users interacted with a VUI speaker and evaluated its usability in these four modes. Participants reported greater acceptance of feedback and higher usability perception for a speaker returning execution errors than for one returning recognition errors, particularly when the speaker presented feedback articulating reasons for the errors. This finding indicates that a VUI can employ feedback explaining the causes of errors to facilitate the development of common ground and to minimize the negative consequences of errors.     

Effect of contact angle and drop spacing on the bulging frequency of inkjet-printed silver lines on FC-coated glass

The morphologies of inkjet-printed narrow silver lines on fluorocarbon film-coated glass substrates were measured with varying contact angles and drop spacing to study the actual stability of line printing by using a practical inkjet system. From a practical stability point of view, three types of the lines were observed: stable, unstable, and meta-stable. The stable lines were free from any bulging or breaking; the unstable lines had repetitive and periodic instabilities; and the meta-stable lines had no repetitive instability but had irregular bulges that appear sparsely. Unstable line printing resulted from either the dynamic or static instability of bead flow, which arose when the pressure-driven bead flow was too large or too small compared with droplet deposition rate, respectively. Whether the printing would be stable or meta-stable was determined by the anti-bulging stability of the flow against other disturbances. The anti-bulging stability increased when the bead flow rate was balanced with the printing rate, whereas it decreased for the present system when the flow-balance became sensitive to drop spacing.     

Stability and robustness of time‐delay systems

Abstract

Using some properties of matrix measures and matrix's spectral radius, a new stability criterion for a linear time‐delay system is derived. This result is also extended to interval time‐delay systems.