Effect of aliphatic diacyl adipic dihydrazides on the crystallization of poly(lactic acid)

A series of aliphatic diacyl adipic dihydrazides (ADHs) with different alkyl moieties were synthesized by the reaction between adipic dihydrazide and acyl chloride. Then these ADHs were solution blended with PLA respectively and were evaluated as nucleating agents. Through the investigation of nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization, it was found that both the crystallization rate and the crystallinity of PLA could be enhanced by adding only 1 wt % of ADHs. Especially for ADH‐Oc (ADH‐Octyl), the crystallization rate of PLA increased about 4 times at 105°C. Optical morphology showed that and the size of PLA spherulites decreased and the nucleation density increased with the existence of ADH‐Oc. Meanwhile, the crystal structure of PLA were not discerniblly affected after the addition of ADHs as found by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. Thus, this study suggested these ADHs compounds are simple and potential nucleating agents to enhance crystallization ability of PLA. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42028.     

喷射系统液力过程的数值模拟与实验研究

通过任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)方法直接对N-S方程进行数值求解,采用CFD商用软件AN-SYS,对某385型柴油机喷油系统内流体流动的液力过程进行数值模拟仿真,较为准确地给出了喷油器内燃油的速度场分布,分析了高压油管的结构参数对速度场的影响。并结合排放特性实验,对泵-管-嘴喷油系统的结构参数进行优化。为柴油机燃油喷射系统的研究提供理论依据,缩短了产品的开发周期。     

固态配料和硝酸盐共沉淀配料制备Bi(Pb)—Sr—Ca—Cu—O系高温超导相的工艺比较

用固态配料和硝酸盐共沉淀配料制备了各组份为(Bi_(1.85)Pb_(0.40))Sr_(1.95)Ca_(2.05)Cu_(8.10)的超导材料,研究了两种不同制备工艺对Bi系超导相形成过程、超导电磁性能和显微结构的影响.实验发现,由共沉淀制备的样品T_(c(zero))稳定性好,T_(c(zero))均在107.5K以上.SEM观察表明:共沉淀法制备的样品中超导相颗粒比固态配料制备的要细小、均匀,颗粒间连结紧密,与T_(c(zero))结果相符.但XRD相分析结果显示:固态配料样品中高温相含量高于共沉淀配料,共沉淀配料制备作品中高、低温相同时存在,但其交流磁化率—温度曲线上仅在120K附近出现相应于高温相的抗磁信号.研究认为,这是由于共沉淀配料烧成时,高温相容易在部分液相参与下,在低温相表面通过反应成核生长,导致在形成的高温相内部包裹有残余低温相的“内芯”.依此包裹模型可自洽地解释X射线相分析与电、磁性能测定结果间的矛盾,讨论了Bi系高温相的形成机理,为选择合理的制备工艺提供了依据.     

超临界流体中的酶催化反应及研究进展

叙述了介质水含量、温度、压力、底物、产物含量及夹带剂等因素对超临界流体中酶催化反应的影响,并对超临界流体对手性药物的拆分和合成方法进行了归纳和综合。超临界流体中的酶催化已经有了一定研究,但目前大部分研究工作只停留在实验研究,而且流体和酶的选择过于集中。因此,如何使得这项技术应用于实际的大生产,尤其是在手性药物合成和拆分方面的应用将是今后研究的方向。     

有机杂化阻尼材料动态力学性能的影响因素探讨

高分子阻尼材料作为一类环保功能材料,将向高性能、宽温域的方向发展。传统的阻尼改性方法(如共混、共聚、无机杂化等)及近年来发展起来的互穿聚合物网络和添加压电陶瓷等研究手段都存在一定的局限性。新近开发的利用有机小分子与极性高聚物形成杂化体的方法所得到的阻尼材料的性能非常突出,是一种很有前途的阻尼改性新方法。本文在对现有的二元、三元杂化体系进行分析对比的基础上,对影响有机杂化阻尼材料动态力学性能的因素进行了探讨,为今后该领域的研究工作提供参考。     

Crop yield, nitrogen uptake and nitrate-nitrogen accumulation in soil as affected by 23 annual applications of fertilizer and manure in the rainfed region of Northwestern China

Application of chemical fertilizers and farmyard manure affects crop productivity and improves nutrient cycling within soil–plant systems, but the magnitude varies with soil-climatic conditions. A long-term (1982–2004) field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers and farmyard swine manure (M) on seed and straw yield, protein concentration, and N uptake in the seed and straw of 19-year winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and four-year oilseed (three-year canola, Brassica napus L. in 1987, 2000 and 2003; one-year flax, Linum usitatisimum L. in 1991), accumulation of nitrate-N (NO₃-N) in the soil profile (0–210 cm), and N balance sheet on a Huangmian soil (calcaric cambisols, FAO) near Tianshui, Gansu, China. The two main plot treatments were without and with farmyard swine manure (M); sub-plot treatments were control (Ck), N, NP, and NPK.␣The average seed yield decreased in the order MNPK ≥ MNP > MN ≥ NPK ≥ NP > M > N > Ck. The average effect of manure and fertilizers on seed yield was in the order M > N > P > K. The seed yield increase was 20.5% for M, 17.8% for N, 14.2% for P, and 2.9 % for K treatment. Seed yield response to fertilizers was much greater for N and P than for K, and it was much greater for no manure than for manure treatment. The response of straw yield to fertilization treatments was usually similar to that of seed yield. The N fertilizer and manure significantly increased protein concentration and N uptake plant. From the standpoint of increasing crop yield and seed quality, MNPK was the best fertilization strategy. Annual applications of N fertilizer and manure for 23 successive years had a marked effect on NO₃-N accumulation in the 0–210 cm soil profile. Accumulation of NO₃-N in the deeper soil layers with application of N fertilizer and manure is regarded as a potential danger, because of pollution of the soil environment and of groundwater. Application of N fertilizer in combination with P and/or K fertilizers reduced residual soil NO₃-N significantly compared with N fertilizer alone in both no manure and manure plots. The findings suggest that integrated and balanced application of N, P, and K fertilizers and␣manure at proper rates is important for protecting soil and groundwater from potential NO₃-N pollution and for maintaining high crop productivity in the rainfed region of Northwestern China.     

CuO-SiO2气凝胶@TiO2纳米纤维无牺牲剂光催化还原CO2

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备CuO-SiO2复合气凝胶,通过在气凝胶孔道内填充TiCl4,然后将其气相水解,得到了在CuO-SiO2气凝胶表面生长了高结晶度的TiO2纳米纤维(CuO-SiO2@TiO2),纤维直径～16 nm.通过XPS、UPS、UV-Vis DRS、荧光光谱(PL)等表征了材料的结构及光电性能.结果表明,制备的CuO-SiO2@TiO2对可见光有明显吸收,且荧光强度较商用TiO2(P25)大幅降低,光生电子-空穴对更加稳定.再在纳米纤维上负载CuO,所得CuO-SiO2@TiO2/CuO在可见光区的荧光强度进一步增强.以300 W氙灯为光源,分别以CuO-SiO2@TiO2及CuO-SiO2@TiO2/CuO为催化剂,无牺牲剂条件下光催化还原CO2,4 h后甲醇产率分别为1304.0及1589.0μmol/g-cat,转换频率(TOF)分别为0.038及0.046 h–1.循环实验表明,纳米纤维具有较好的光催化稳定性,经过4次光催化循环实验后,CuO-SiO2@TiO2/CuO的保留率～94％,甲醇产率可达1472.0μmol/g-cat,TOF为0.042 h–1.     

基于聚三唑固化体系的ADN推进剂研究进展

综述了国内外聚三唑固化体系及基于其的二硝酰胺铵(ADN)推进剂应用研究情况,分析了聚三唑固化体系的优缺点,指出了基于聚三唑固化体系的ADN推进剂的应用研究方向.认为聚三唑固化体系具有反应条件温和、对水分不敏感、毒性低等优点,以及玻璃化转变温度偏高、力学性能偏低等缺点.在空间推进、洁净绿色推进以及低特征信号推进剂领域,基...     

骨料浸渍氧化铝浆体对高炉炭砖显微结构和性能影响

针对炭砖为主要原料电煅煤的多孔结构,采用真空浸渍浆体方法对电煅煤骨料进行处理来改善骨料的致密度,从而优化炭砖的微孔结构,提高炭砖性能.首先对电煅煤骨料进行真空浸渍氧化铝浆体处理,得到浸渍氧化铝电煅煤骨料(以下简称浸渍骨料),然后将浸渍骨料取代电煅煤骨料引入到炭砖中,借助场发射扫描电镜、压汞仪和CT扫描仪等研究了浸渍骨料对高温热处理后炭砖显微结构、微孔结构和性能的影响.结果表明:通过真空浸渍氧化铝方法,氧化铝填充进电煅煤骨料的开口气孔和裂缝中,使骨料更加致密.将浸渍骨料引入到炭砖中,炭砖经不同温度处理后的性能得到明显改善,如经1400℃处理后炭砖的耐压强度提高近50％,平均孔径降低至73 nm,<1μm孔容积率达到80％左右.炭砖性能的改善主要与引入更加致密的浸渍骨料和形成更多的原位陶瓷相有关.     

微型四塔变压吸附制氧实验研究

实验研究了原料气量、产品气量、分子筛量及吸附器高径比等工艺参数对微型四塔变压吸附制氧系统产品气纯度和回收率的影响,并对压力曲线进行了分析.实验结果表明,随着原料气进气流量的增加,产品气纯度增加而回收率降低;随着产品气流量的增加,产品气纯度下降,而产品回收率升高;随着分子筛量的增加,产晶气纯度先增加后减小;产品气纯度随高径比的增加先增大后减小,合适的吸附塔高径比为5.3左右,其值需实验确定;通过对压力曲线的分析,得到系统最高雎比约为2.78.