Interhemispheric asymmetry exists in female in the N100m source position of the auditory evoked magnetic fields

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the affect of families' attitudes about the appropriateness of discussing psychosocial concerns on pediatric providers' identification of psychosocial problems. DESIGN: These data were collected as part of the Greater New Haven Child Health Study, New Haven, Conn. The study design was a prospective cohort. SETTING: Families were recruited from a stratified random sample of all primary care practices in the greater New Haven area. Nineteen of 23 invited practices agreed to participate including 2 prepaid practices, 2 neighborhood health centers, and 7 fee-for-service group and 8 fee-for-service solo practices. PARTICIPANTS: All families of children aged 4 to 8 years who attended these practices during 2 separate 3-week periods (1 in fall 1987 and 1 in spring 1988) were invited to participate in the study. Families were invited to participate only once, on the first contact with any eligible child, using approved procedures. Of 2006 eligible families, 1886 (94%) chose to participate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The outcome variable for these analyses is the identification of any behavioral, emotional, or developmental problem by the pediatrician on the 13-category checklist. Overall, pediatric clinicians identified 27.5% of children with 1 or more psychosocial problems. RESULTS: Our data suggest that there is a great deal of discrepancy between what parents report is appropriate to do when their children have psychosocial problems and what they actually do when they recognize such problems in their children. Most (81.1%) believed it was appropriate to discuss 4 or more of the 6 hypothetical situations with their children's physician, while only 40.9% actually did discuss any of these problems with a physician when a problem occurred. Given the correlates of parents who intended to discuss such problems (higher education, older age, Euro-American ethnicity, higher income, married, availability of medical insurance) the possibility that parents are providing socially acceptable responses to such questions seems likely. Further, our data indicate that parents' actual reports of discussions of psychosocial problems is unrelated to whether physicians identified those problems in children. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatricians'judgments about the presence of psychosocial problems in their young patients seem to be based on their own observations rather than on what parents report. Physician-parent communication about psychosocial problems will be increasingly important as primary care physicians assume their role as gatekeepers to more expensive services such as mental health interventions.     

Quantitative evaluation of rate‐determining steps in polymer complexation

A quantitative method to find the rate determining steps in the ion‐adsorption kinetics of polymer complexation agents is theoretically formulated and experimentally established. The degree of film‐diffusion control and particle‐diffusion control is simultaneously evaluated based on the law of addition of kinetic resistances combined with Einstein's viscosity expression. The change in the initial rate with respect to the resin concentration was scrutinized by plotting the effective rate constant versus the initial rate, and the film mass transfer coefficient was calculated. This is a concise and practical procedure to analyze the rate determining steps of polymer complexation kinetics. The validity of the method was confirmed by studying the adsorption of Cu(II) ion on crosslinked chitosans. In these materials, the importance of film diffusion was found both in adsorption and desorption processes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44738.     

Application of poly(vinyl alcohol) with an alkyl end group containing anionic groups to coal–water slurry as a dispersant

Anionic groups were introduced with copolymerization of corresponding vinyl monomers with vinyl acetate into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with an alkylthio end group. The polymers were investigated as a dispersant for coal-water slurry (CWM). Anionic groups such as sodium sulfonate and sodium carboxylate enhance remarkably the ability of PVA with an alkylthio end group to disperse coal. Sodium polyacrylic acid with an alkyl end group also showed a good ability of dispersing coal. The order of the ability of dispersing coal in these polymeric dispersants along with sodium napthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate (NSF) varied by the kind of coal used. In cases of the polymeric dispersants, the fluidity of coal in terms of dependence of viscosity on shear rate also varied, from dilatency to thixotropy, in accordance with coal used. Impurities in coal as well as surface properties of coal particles might play important roles in the properties of CWM. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Computer-aided diagnosis: the emerging of three CAD systems induced by Japanese health care needs

The aim of this paper is to describe three emerging computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems induced by Japanese health care needs. CAD has been developing fast in the last two decades. The idea of using a computer to help in medical image diagnosis is not new. Some pioneer studies are dated back to the 1960s. In 1998, the first U.S. FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approved commercial CAD system, a film-digitized mammography system, was launched by R2 Technologies, Inc. The success was quickly repeated by a number of companies. The approval of Medicare CAD reimbursement in the U.S. in 2001 further boosted the industry. Today, CAD has its significance in the economy of the medical industry. FDA approved CAD products in the field of breast imaging (mammography, ultrasonography and breast MRI) and chest imaging (radiography and CT) can be seen. In Japan, as part of the "Knowledge Cluster Initiative" of the government, three computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) projects are hosted at the Gifu University since 2004. These projects are regarding the development of CAD systems for the early detection of (1) cerebrovascular diseases using brain MRI and MRA images by detecting lacunar infarcts, unruptured aneurysms, and arterial occlusions; (2) ocular diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and hypertensive retinopathy using retinal fundus images; and (3) breast cancers using ultrasound 3-D volumetric whole breast data by detecting the breast masses. The projects are entering their final development stage. Preliminary results are presented in this paper. Clinical examinations will be started soon, and commercialized CAD systems for the above subjects will appear by the completion of this project.     

Effects of binder strength and aggregate size on the compressive strength and void ratio of porous concrete

To test the influence of binder strength, porous concretes with 4 binder strengths between 30.0-135.0 MPa and 5 void ra tios between 15%-35% were tested. The results indicated that for the same aggregate, the rates of strength reduction due to the in creases in void ratio were the same for binders with different strengths. To study the influence of aggregate size, 3 single size aggre gates with nominal sizes of 5.0, 13.0 and 20.0 mm (Nos. 7, 6 and 5 according to JIS A 5001) were used to make porous concrete. The strengths of porous concrete are found to be dependent on aggregate size. The rate of strength reduction of porous concrete with small aggregate size is found to be higher than that with larger aggregate size. At the same void ratio, the strength of porous concrete with large aggregate is larger than that with small aggregate. The general equations for porous concrete are related to compressive strength and void ratio for different binder strengths and aggregate sizes.     

Effects of hydrophilic/hydrophobic surfaces on polymer‐complexation kinetics

To establish hydrophilic/hydrophobic effects on polymer‐complexation kinetics, chitosan resins were prepared by radical copolymerization of methacryloyl‐modified chitosans with 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate and/or styrene monomers. The primary particles of the gelled copolymers in the suspensions were nicely solidified by basic coagulation bath to form globular beads. Degree of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties was controlled by the copolymerization ratio, and each ion‐adsorption kinetics was evaluated by batch method. The initial rate of adsorption in hydrophilic chitosans was higher than that in hydrophobic chitosans, which was attributed to less thickness of the boundary film. We quantitatively evaluated the rate‐determining steps by the initial‐rate analysis, in which the viscosity of the suspension contributes to the film‐diffusion kinetic resistance. The role of hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of the resins is reasonably rationalized to the length of the boundary films by considering long‐range interactions between the ion and surface. Our results are robust evidence for the ion‐surface interactions. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46493.     

Development of GEM tracking detector for intermediate-energy nuclear experiments

We have developed a tracking detector with a gas electron multiplier (GEM) for nuclear experiments. The developed GEM detector was installed inside the dipole magnet used for transporting the primary beam to the beam dump and it was used to measure the momentum of charged particles. A sufficiently high spatial resolution was achieved at a high counting rate and a magnetic field for coherent pion production with a 392 MeV proton beam to study the short-range component of the residual nuclear interaction. The detector systems and development procedure are described.     

CONJUGATE NUMERICAL COMPUTATION FOR THE NATURAL CONVECTION OF LIQUID METAL HEATED FROM BELOW

ABSTRACT

The oscillatory Rayleigh-Benard convection in a shallow layer of liquid metal (Pr = 0.023), sandwiched between two copper plates, was numerically computed for three computational domains simultaneously. The horizontal cross section is square and the aspect ratio (fluid layer width/height) is 10. This conjugate solution suggested that the hot plate temperature oscillates almost simultaneously with the fluid temperature and throughout the whole hot copper plate with almost uniform temperature. The oscillatory temperature amplitude provided the upper and lower limits in the Rayleigh number and the Nusselt number estimated from the relationship, constant = Ra* = Nu ? Ra, where Ra* is a modified Rayleigh number based on the uniform heat flux. This group of data provided quite similar characteristics to the previous experimental observation by Yamanaka et al. for the oscillatory change of the Nusselt number and to the one by Rossby for the time-averaged values.     

Survey of contrasts of polymers under a high-contrast X-ray computerized tomography

Contrasts of the polymer materials under a high contrast X-ray computerized tomography (XCT) are comprehensively investigated. We developed a high contrast XCT, and demonstrated its capabilities to polymer systems, such as polymer blends. Then we got a hypothesis that the pixel values of the cross-sectional image obtained by XCT agree with the X-ray absorption coefficient at 15 keV. This hypothesis is intensively examined by using various polymers. Consequently, we propose an empirical criterion that 0.1 cm^?1 difference in the X-ray absorption coefficients at 15 keV is necessary to distinguish the polymers under XCT. This criterion is also confirmed in the polymer blend systems.