Super multi‐view 3D displays reduce conflict between accommodative and vergence responses

A conflict between accommodation and vergence is one possible cause of visual fatigue and discomfort while viewing conventional three‐dimensional displays. Previous studies have proposed the super multi‐view (SMV) display technique to solve the vergence–accommodation conflict, in which two or more parallax images enter the pupil of the eye with highly directional rays. We simultaneously measured accommodative, vergence, and pupillary responses to SMV three‐dimensional displays to examine whether they can reduce the conflict. For comparison, responses to two‐view stereo images and real objects were also measured. The results show that the range of the accommodative response was increased by the SMV images compared with the two‐view images. The slope of the accommodation–vergence response function for the SMV images was similar to that for the real objects rather than the two‐view images. We also found that enhancement of the accommodative range by the SMV images is noticeable with binocular viewing, indicating that vergence‐induced accommodation plays an important role in viewing SMV displays. These results suggest that SMV displays induced a more natural accommodative response than did conventional, two‐view stereo displays. As a result, SMV displays reduced the vergence–accommodation conflict.     

Allelopathy of oats. I. Assessment of allelopathic potential of extract of oat shoots and identification of an allelochemical

The allelopathic potential of oat (Avena sativa L.) extracts was investigated under laboratory conditions. The ethyl ether-, acetone-, and water-soluble fractions obtained from the extract of oat shoots inhibited the germination and growth of roots and hypocotyls of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The inhibitory activity of the water-soluble fraction was maximum, followed by that of ethyl ether-soluble and acetone-soluble fraction. An active principle of the water-soluble fraction was isolated and its structure was determined by spectral data asl-tryptophan.l-Tryptophan inhibited the growth of hypocotyls and roots of lettuce seedlings at concentrations greater than 0.03 and 0.1 mM, respectively. These results suggested thatl-tryptophan may be an allelochemical which affects the growth or germination of different plant species.     

Influence of Oxygen Ion Conduction on Nitric Oxide Decomposition

Ba₂In₂O₅, Ba₂Y₄O₉, and BaLa₂O₄ having brownmillerite-related structures were synthesized. Ionic conductivity and catalytic activity following the reduction of NO to N₂ were also investigated, both of which increased at the order-disorder transition temperature for oxygen vacancies of these compounds. It was made clear that the catalytic activity of NO decomposition reaction increased with a decrease in the order–disorder transition temperature. Moreover, it was found that ionic conductivity contributed to the catalytic activity of NO reduction to N₂.     

Scale-up method of planetary ball mill

The objective of this paper is to investigate the scale-up method of the planetary ball mill by the computational simulation based on Discrete Element Method. Firstly, the dry grinding of a gibbsite powder by using four different scales of planetary mill was developed to compare the grinding rate with the specific impact energy of balls calculated from computational simulation. The grinding rate is well correlated with the specific impact energy in all mills; and its relationship is expressed by a linear correlation. It points out that the specific impact energy is very useful for estimation of the grinding rate and optimization for the operational conditions. Secondly, the scale-up method for the planetary mill was established by evaluating the impact energy. The impact energy is proportional to the cube of the diameter of the pot, the depth of the pot and the revolution radius of the disk, respectively. When the planetary mill is scaled-up in geometrical similarity, the impact energy of the balls is proportional to 4.87 power of the scale-up ratio.     

三网融合下电子商务的契机

在经历了一场金融噩梦后,电子商务依然坚挺的走了过来。但在发展过程中由于行业发展不成熟,依然存在一些问题。2010年,三网融合开始走进我们的视野中,而它的到来,将会在市场、消费群体、基础设施建设等方面进一步推动并完善电子商务的发展,从而对电子商务这个行业产生重大影响。     

The Study and Development of Roll Heat Pipe Performance

A new type of heat pipe called roll heat pipe (RHP) is considered in this study. In RHP, the evaporator and the condenser are separated in the radial direction, and the energy is moved in radial direction. RHP is composed of two concentric annular pipes of unequal diameter, wick structure, and bridge wicks, which provide the return path of the working fluid to evaporator. A heat source is inserted in the inner pipe, which works as the evaporator region. RHP can be applied as heat roll in the laser printers or copy machines where isothermal heating as well as rapid response is desired. Three RHP samples are fabricated and tested in this work. They differ in the number of bridge wicks and inner tube diameter. The length of all samples is 300 mm. In this paper, the transient thermal characteristics of RHP samples are investigated experimentally and compared with numerical analysis results. Also, the effects of fill charge on the performance of RHP samples are studied. By using infrared thermography camera, we observed that the level of temperature uniformity on the outer surface of heat roll is very good in comparison with real heat roll.     

Multilayer Mg-Stainless Steel Sheets,Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties

Different multilayer Mg AZ31 and SS304L steel sheet combinations were prepared with different volume fractions of Mg. Isolated stress–strain curves of the Mg layers showed significant improvements in the strength and elongation of multilayer samples. Results indicated that in the most extreme situation with the lowest Mg volume fraction (V _f  = 0.39), the ultimate strength was increased by 25 pct to 370 MPa and the elongation was improved by 70 pct to 0.34. Investigation of the fracture surface showed that failure occurs by the coalescence of cracks close to the interface region. The improved strength of the multilayer samples was due to the combined effect of surface crack prevention by the steel layer and the higher work-hardening rate caused by the possible increased activity of non-basal systems. It is suggested that the stronger work-hardening behavior and the enhanced activity of non-basal systems in the multilayer samples were due to the formation of new stress components in the transverse direction. The larger the volume fraction of steel in the multilayer, the longer the distance remaining unstrained before the UTS.

     

Determination of loss‐minimum configuration with mathematical optimality in a three‐sectionalized three connected distribution feeder network

In a distribution system, in order to enhance the reliability of power supply, the distribution feeder is divided into several sections by installing sectionalizing switches, and then each of the sectionalized sections is connected to a different feeder. For example, one feeder is divided into three sections by two sectionalizing switches, and then each of the divided sections is connected to the other feeder through sectionalizing switch. Since a distribution system with many feeders has many sectionalizing switches, the system configuration is determined by states (opened or closed) of sectionalizing switches. Usually, a power utility tries to obtain distribution loss‐minimum configuration among large numbers of configuration candidates. However, it is very difficult to determine the loss‐minimum configuration such that the mathematical optimality is guaranteed, because it is well known that determination of a distribution system's configuration is to decide whether each sectionalizing switch is opened or closed by solving a combinatorial optimization problem. In this paper, the authors propose a determination method of loss‐minimum configuration by which the mathematical optimality is guaranteed for a three‐sectionalized three‐connected distribution feeder network. A problem to determine the loss‐minimum configuration is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problems with four operational constraints ( feeder capacity, voltage limit, radial structure, and three‐sectionalization). In the proposed method, after picking up all partial configurations satisfied with radial structure constraint by using enumeration method, optimal combination of partial configurations is determined under the other operational constraints by using conventional optimization method. Numerical simulations are carried out for a distribution network model with 140 sectionalizing switches in order to examine the validity of the proposed algorithm in comparison with one of conventional meta‐heuristics (tabu search). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(1): 56– 65, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20530     

阿尔金山前带构造及其控油作用

阿尔金山前带构造复杂，一直是油气勘探的瓶颈。通过对多个构造要素的分析，基本明确山前带以T2为界，分为上下两个构造层，其中下构造层构成今后油气勘探的主要目的层。文中总结了山前构造对油气的控制作用：①北西向断裂控制了生油坳陷的分布范围，生烃中心控制了油气总体分布格局；②近东西向断裂控制了山前鼻状构造的发育，构成山前重要的油气聚集带；③阿尔金南缘断裂与近东西向断裂一起控制了山前侏罗系的分布，为侏罗系油气勘探与研究提供了可靠线索；④喜山晚期构造运动对油气藏有明显的破坏或改造作用，油气主要富集于影响较弱的地区：⑤圈闭带的分布控制着油气藏的具体分布。