Amorphization Boost Multi-Ions Storage for High-Performance Aqueous Batteries

Regarding the complex properties of various cations, the design of aqueous batteries that can simultaneously store multi-ions with high capacity and satisfactory rate performance is a great challenge. Here an amorphization strategy to boost cation-ion storage capacities of anode materials is reported. In monovalent (H⁺, Li⁺, K⁺), divalent (Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Zn²⁺) and even trivalent (Al³⁺) aqueous electrolytes, the capacity of the resulting amorphous MoO_x is more than quadruple than that of crystalline MoO_x and exceeds those of other reported multiple-ion storage materials. Both experimental and theoretical calculations reveal the generation of ample active sites and isotropic ions in the amorphous phase, which accelerates cation migration within the electrode bulk. Amorphous MoO_x can be coupled with multi-ion storage cathodes to realize electrochemical energy storage devices with different carriers, promising high energy and power densities. The power density exceeded 15000 W kg⁻¹, demonstrating the great potential of amorphous MoO_x in advanced aqueous batteries.     

基于模型的装备快速测试方法研究

装备测试方法主要包括测试模型建立和测试资源配置两个方面;针对当前自动测试系统存在的不足,提出了一种基于模型的装备快速测试方法;首先利用结构和参数未知的被测对象的观测数据,通过系统辨识技术建立其数学模型;在将数学模型分解为基本数学模型单元的线性组合后,再利用匹配算法建立数学模型单元与装备物理模型单元的匹配关系,即把一个黑箱逼近成一个结构和参数已知的白箱;最后根据其白箱模型建立测试需求,实现装备的快速测试;实验表明,模拟电路的匹配度高达92.22%。     

Output intersampling approach to direct closed-loop identification

A new direct closed-loop identification method, which uses the output intersampling technique, is proposed in this note. By using the intersampled plant input-output data, the proposed method removes the traditional restrictive identifiability condition, and does not require an external persistently exciting (PE) test signal     

Increase in the amount of erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in workers with moderate lead exposure

This report summarizes our current understanding of the heavy chain haplotypes found in our laboratories' rabbits. Independently derived data from several laboratories have been synthesizes into a consistent picture of the linked inheritance of allotypic markers found on the different heavy chain classes and subclasses of rabbit immunoglobulins in pedigreed rabbits, including the families of three apparent VH-CH recombinants. In one recombinant, the entire group of CH markers (C mu, C gamma, and C alpha) recombined with the set of VH. Although in the other two recombinants all CH markers may also have recombined as a group, in one of these only IgG and IgA CH genes were informative; in the other recombinant, only the IgG allotypes were informative. Some allotypic determinants found on IgM molecules ("conformational") appear only when a specific variable region allotype (VHa) is combined with a specific mu constant region allotype (C mu). New combinations of VHa and C mu allotypes were generated in two of the genetic recombinants and led to new "conformational" determinants. The gains and losses observed lend support to the hypothesis that the determinants result from conformations generated by the combination of allotype-specific VH and C mu protein sequences. Conceivably, DNA events that join VH to diversity (D)- and joining (J)-coding sequences or mRNA processing events that splice J to C mu could be involved in generating the sequences that form allotype-specific determinants.     

Analysis of PD-generated SF/sub 6/ decomposition gases adsorbed on carbon nanotubes

Chemical byproducts analysis has been recognized as a powerful diagnosis method for SF₆ gas-insulated switchgear (GIS). The authors have previously demonstrated that a carbon nanotube (CNT) gas sensor could detect partial discharge (PD) generated in SF₆ gas. However, PD-generated decomposition gas species, which were responsible for the CNT gas sensor response, have not been identified yet. In this paper, two kinds of experiments were conducted in order to identify the responsible decomposition gas species. At first, the decomposition gas molecules adsorbed on CNTs were analyzed by Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. FTIR absorbance was observed around 735 cm^-1 after CNTs were exposed to PD generated in SF₆. In the second experiment, the CNT gas sensor responses to typical SF₆ decomposition products (HF and SF₄) were examined. The CNT gas sensor responded to these gases in the same way as to PD generated in SF₆. SF₄ response was larger than HF response. Based on these results, SF ₄ and SOF₂ emerged as candidates for the responsible decomposition gases. Electrochemical interactions between adsorbed gas molecules and CNT were discussed based on theoretical predictions of molecular orbital calculations. The calculation results suggested that both of SOF₂ and SF₄ could increase the CNT gas sensor conductance     

Proton conduction at the surface of Y-doped BaCeO3 and its application to an air/fuel sensor

25 mol% Y³⁺-doped BaCeO₃ (BCY25) showed an extremely low activation energy of 0.3 eV for proton conduction at the surface. The resulting overall conductivity at the surface reached 8.24 × 10^–3 S cm^–1 at 400°C, which was 3, 8, and 28 times higher than those in the bulk of BCY25, 20 mol% Sm³⁺-doped ceria, and 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia, respectively. Such fast proton conduction enabled an air/fuel (A/F ) sensor using BCY25 as the solid electrolyte to work above 150°C for H₂ and above 250°C for C₂H₄.     

Human behavior in a staircase during a total evacuation drill in a high‐rise building

Many studies have been conducted on the evacuation behavior on the staircases of buildings, but very little data are available for a situation with many occupants in a crowded high‐rise building. Therefore, this study investigated the evacuation behavior of a large number of evacuees on the staircase of a 25‐story high‐rise building. A total evacuation drill was conducted with 2088 evacuees, and the behavior of 1136 evacuees on the landings of the south staircase was recorded by a video recorder on the ceiling. The relationship between the density and speed of the evacuees on the landings was analyzed from the evacuation data for two situations: without and with merging in the stair flow. The evacuation stair flow in this drill had merging occupants entering from the floors, but no one entered from the lower floors during the latter period of the drill. Therefore, the flow during the latter period was treated as non‐merging flow, for which it was observed that, when the staircase was fully crowded, the density on the landings in the moving situation was different from that in the stopped situation. Moreover, the density on the landings was different from that on the treads. Furthermore, in the merging flow, a merging ratio of approximately 50:50 occurred during the congested evacuation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Critical assessment 29: TRIP-aided bainitic ferrite steels

Transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP)-aided bainitic ferrite steels developed for automotive applications have attractive mechanical properties such as ductility, formability, toughness, fatigue strength and delayed fracture strength. These mechanical properties are principally associated with a ductile lath-structure matrix and the strain-induced transformation of the metastable-retained austenite films of 3–20 vol.%. In this paper, data on the microstructural and mechanical properties of the low-carbon TRIP-aided bainitic ferrite steels are critically assessed, as well as their deformation mechanism.     

Generation of disk-like domains with nanometer scale thickness in merocyanine dye LB film induced by hydrothermal treatment

We have characterized the binary LB films of merocyanine dye (MS) and arachidic acid (C₂₀) before and after hydrothermal treatment (HTT), which is defined as a heat treatment under relative humidity of 100%, focusing on the morphology studied by bright field (BF) microscopy and fluorescence (FL) microscopy. BF microscopy observation has revealed that the as-deposited MS-C₂₀ binary LB film is found to emit intense red fluorescence over the whole film area by 540-nm excitation. Since the surface image is almost featureless, it is considered that the crystallite sizes of J-aggregate are less than 10 μm. Interestingly, after HTT, round-shaped domains are observed in the LB systems, and the sizes are reaching 100 μm in diameter. Crystallites of J-aggregate, which are bluish in color and emit intense red fluorescence, tend to be in the round domains. We have observed two different types of domains, i.e., blue-rimmed domains and white-rimmed domains, which are postulated to be confined in the inner layers and located at the outermost layer, respectively. The thickness of the domains is equal to or less than that of the double layer of the MS-C₂₀ mixed LB film, which is ca. 5.52 nm. The molecular order of MS in the J-aggregate is improved by the HTT process leading to the significant sharpening of the band shape together with the further red shift of the band (from 590 to 594 nm up to 597 to 599 nm). The reorganized J-band is considered to be ‘apparently’ isotropic owing to the random growth of the J-aggregate in the film plane. We consider that the lubrication effect by the presence of water molecules predominates in the HTT process.