Photolithographic packaging with selectively occupied repeatedtransfer (PL-Pack with SORT) for scalable film optical linkmultichip-module (S-FOLM)

"Photolithographic packaging (PL-pack) with selectively occupied repeated transfer (SORT)" is proposed for optoelectronic microsystem integration. PL-pack with SORT integrates different types of thin-film device pieces into one substrate with desired configurations using an all-photolithographic process. A process design example is presented for a scalable film optical link multichip-module (S-FOLM). A preliminary estimation reveals that PL-Pack with SORT will achieve III-V epitaxial material saving of <1/100 and module cost reduction of <1/10, compared with flip-chip-bonding-based packaging. The result indicates that the process will save on cost and resources simultaneously. A critical issue is how to simplify the procedure for distributing thin-film device pieces onto a substrate. SORT is found to reduce the distribution step count typically by factor of <1/10-1/10000 compared with the conventional one-by-one method. PL-pack with SORT will be extended to the 3R process (reduce, reuse, recycle), which is generally applied to a variety of device/module fabrications     

An eight‐node hybrid‐stress solid‐shell element for geometric non‐linear analysis of elastic shells

This paper presents eight‐node solid‐shell elements for geometric non‐linear analysis of elastic shells. To subdue shear, trapezoidal and thickness locking, the assumed natural strain method and an ad hoc modified generalized laminate stiffness matrix are employed. A selectively reduced integrated element is formulated with its membrane and bending shear strain components taken to be constant and equal to the ones evaluated at the element centroid. With the generalized stresses arising from the modified generalized laminate stiffness matrix assumed to be independent from the ones obtained from the displacement, an extended Hellinger–Reissner functional can be derived. By choosing the assumed generalized stresses similar to the assumed stresses of a previous solid element, a hybrid‐stress solid‐shell element is formulated. Commonly employed geometric non‐linear homogeneous and laminated shell problems are attempted and our results are close to those of other state‐of‐the‐art elements. Moreover, the hybrid‐stress element converges more readily than the selectively reduced integrated element in all benchmark problems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Measuring knowledge transfer between fields of science

In this paper we report on the results of an exploratory study of knowledge exchange between disciplines and subfields of science, based on bibliometric methods. The goal of this analysis is twofold. Firstly, we consider knowledge exchange between disciplines at a global level, by analysing cross-disciplinary citations in journal articles, based on the world publication output in 1999. Among others a central position of the Basic Life Sciences within the Life Sciences and of Physics within the Exact Sciences is shown. Limitations of analyses of interdisciplinary impact at the journal level are discussed. A second topic is a discussion of measures which may be used to quantify the rate of knowledge transfer between fields and the importance of work in a given field or for other disciplines. Two measures are applied, which appear to be proper indicators of impact of research on other fields. These indicators of interdisciplinary impact may be applied at other institutional levels as well. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Tunneling spectroscopy of palladium-barium emitters

The surface of a palladium-barium cathode was studied using scanning probe microscopy techniques. Data from the tunneling spectroscopy showed the pattern of the electron work function distribution over a microscopic region on the emitter surface. This pattern is compared to the distribution of various phases in the palladium-barium alloy employed.     

Simple concepts for ion source improvement

We report on improvements in the overall intensity of a sputter ion source that evolved originally from an NEC MCSNICS. Beam output increases benefit both AMS measurements and nuclear physics experiments using low natural abundance beams. In particular, minor changes in source geometry suggested by a combination of electrostatic calculations and simple design principles have yielded increases in extracted negative ion intensity of nearly a factor of 4.     

Failure analysis of a wire rope

Wire ropes, pulleys, counterweights, and connecting systems are used for auto tensioning of contact wires of electric railways. A wire rope in one such auto tensioning system suffered premature failure. Failure investigation revealed fatigue cracks initiating at nonmetallic inclusions near the surface of individual wire strands in the rope. The inclusions were identified as Al-Ca-Ti silicates in a large number of stringers, and some oxide and nitride inclusions were also found. The wire used in the rope did not conform to the composition specified for AISI 316 grade steel, nor did it satisfy the minimum tensile strength requirements. Failure of the wire rope was found to be due to fatigue; however, the ultimate fracture of the rope was the result of overload that occurred after fatigue failure had reduced the number of wire strands supporting the load.     

A practical controller for explicit rate congestion control

This paper examines congestion control for explicit rate data networks. The available bit rate (ABR) service category of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks serves as an example system, however, the results of this paper are applicable to other explicit rate systems as well. After a plant model is established, an adaptive control strategy is presented. Several algorithm enhancements are then introduced. These enhancements reduce convergence time, improve queue depth management, and reduce parameter bias. This work differentiates itself from the other contributions in the area of rate-based congestion control in its balanced approach of retaining enough complexity as to afford attractive performance properties, but not so much complexity as to make implementation prohibitively expensive     

A Collection of Papers and Memoirs Celebrating the Contribution of Rod Burstall to Advances in Computer Science

Formal Aspects of Computing are dedicated to Professor Rod Burstall, and, as a collection of papers, memoirs and incidental pieces, form a Festschrift for Rod. The contributions are made by some of the many who know Rod and have been in uenced by him. The research papers included here represent some of the areas in which Rod has been active, and the editors thank their colleagues for agreeing to contribute to this Festschrift.