Water quality characteristics of rivers and ponds in Japan

In Japan, various countermeasures have been taken to improve the water quality of public waters such as rivers and lakes. Though water quality has improved, it is still insufficient. In summer, eutrophication is seen in lakes and inner bays, as well as rivers. As a countermeasure to prevent eutrophication, the removal treatment of nutrient salts such as nitrogen and phosphorus is done, in addition to organic substance elimination in the domestic sewerage system. This report will show the water quality characteristics of rivers and ponds in Japan It is considered that these investigative results are effective when the water quality improvement of the stabilization ponds where eutrophication occurs are examined in China.     

Plasma Confinement Characteristics in Heliotron J--Spontaneous Change of Plasma Confinement State

Spontaneous transition of the plasma confinement mode was observed in the helicalaxis heliotron device “Heliotron J“ for three different plasma heating schemes, i.e. ECHonly, NBI-only and the combination of ECH and NBI. The transition seems to occur above a certain critical density. In addition to the confinement transition, a spontaneous shift of the hitting position of the divertor plasma flux on the wall was observed. This shift could be related with the change of the edge field topology caused by non-inductive toroidal currents.     

Design Study of Top Lid with Clamp Structure in JT-60SA Cryostat

JT-60SA is a fully superconducting coil tokamak upgraded from the JT-60U. This paper focused on the integrity of the top lid of cryostat in JT-60SA. The design requirement for the cryostat in normal operations is to achieve vacuum insulation of 10 3 Pa, and the top flange of the top lid is lightly welded onto its body flange. The weld is tensile-loaded by bending deformation of the top lid due to vacuum pressure of external 0.1 MPa. This weld integrity is evaluated with tensile-load reduction, which results in clamp reinforcement. The structural integrity of the top lid is validated.     

Non-inductive start up of QUEST plasma by RF power

Both start-up and sustainment of plasma were successfully achieved by fully non-inductive current drive using microwave with a frequency of 8.2 GHz. Plasmas current of 15 kA was implemented for 1 s. Magnetic surface reconstruction exhibited a plasma shape with an aspect ratio of below 1.5. The plasma current was dependent significantly on the launchen microwave power and vertical magnetic field, whiile not affected by the mode of launched wave and the toroidal refractive index. Hard X-ray (HXR) emitted from energetic electrons accelerated by the microwave was observed, and the discharge with a plasma current over 4 kA followed the same trend as the number of photons of 10 to 12 keV. This suggests that the plasma current may be driven by energetic electrons. Based on the experimental conditions, alternative explanations of how the plasma current could be driven are discussed.     

儿童游戏场所的规划设计理论

从诸多方面对儿童游戏场空间进行了综合的阐述,即从儿童对户外空间的本能需求,到生活群体至生活空间,最后还从社会经济条件和自然条件的基础上,如何建立起一套完整、客观的儿童户外活动、游戏场所空间的规划设计的理论体系,提出了作者的见解和多年的研究成果,奠定了作者在此领域的主宰地位,并成为此后从事这方面专门研究的理论基础。     

Improvement of Functional Properties of Wheat Gluten and Blood Globin by Complex-Formation with Soy Lecithin

To improve the functional properties of wheat gluten or blood globin, a lecithin-protein complex was prepared by sonicating each protein solution with soy lecithin suspension at pH 3.0. The complex formation of each protein was demonstrated by gel filtration chromatography. Both solubility and emulsifying activities of each protein in the neutral pH region were much improved by complex-formation with soy lecithin. Soy lecithin-protein complexes were stable for 4 days storage at 24°C.     

A PROPOSAL FOR DIGITIZATION OF LIQUID-LIQUID DISTRIBUTION DATA

Abstract

A spline function has been employed to interpolate liquid-liquid distribution data by producing a function representing a smoothed curve through the points. The data for divalent metal extraction by trioctylamine, tributyl-phosphate and hydroxyoxime are examined in order to test the utility of interpolation with this function.     

低压氩气氛火花放电等离子体中铜的时间分辨发射光谱及其激发机理(英文)

抽真空充氩激发条件下,测定了Cu元素的单次火花脉冲放电时的几种原子线和离子线的放电强度随着氩气气氛压力变化的情况。它的原子谱线和离子谱线的放电信号随时间变化的峰形有很大差异。原子共振线CuⅠ324.75 nm的峰宽要大于离子线CuⅡ213.60 nm的峰宽。对于CuⅠ324.75 nm谱线,其单次放电寿命几乎与氩气压力无关,在随时间变化的峰形中包含一个初始峰和一个较大的后端拖尾峰,在氩气压力增大时拖尾峰更加明显。对于CuⅡ213.60 nm谱线,其单次放电寿命在不同氩气压力条件下有一定变化,在随时间变化的     

下一代高密度磁记录介质——L10FePt、CoPt研究进展

垂直磁记录是现今主要的信息存储技术.当前以CoCrPt为记录介质的垂直磁记录已达到密度极限,进一步提高记录密度需要采用磁晶各向异性能更高的材料.L10 FePt、CoPt被认为是下一代高密度磁记录的理想介质材料.本文系统综述了L10 FePt、CoPt记录介质的研究进展.     

CO2激光直接钻孔工艺的前后处理

近几年,电子产品朝轻,薄,短,小化迅速发展,印制线路板也随着这股潮流朝向高密度封装方向发展。尤其是积层板总数的增加和导通孔以及连接盘的小径化也日益显著。对于积层线路板而言,用来加工层间连接的盲通孔(BVH)的激光方法取决于导通孔和连接盘径。激光器分为CO2激光和UV-Yag激光两种。导通孔径为60μm以上时,则一般用CO2激光加工。由于铜在CO2激光的波长(9.3μm～10.3μm)领域中的吸收比很低,因此"保形法"(在表面铜箔上,蚀刻出需要的加工孔径(开铜窗),再以激光打掉树脂)成为了现在的主流。然而,由于保形法需要蚀刻开铜窗,因此增加了形成图形的工序,而且导通孔的定位取决于下层的定位标记,容易发生错位。随着积层板层数的增加,导通孔和连接盘的小径化发展,越来越需要提高加工速度和定位精度。因此,同时对铜和树脂进行加工的"直接钻孔法"开始被关注。直接钻孔法是根据格柏数据进行导通孔的定位,因此,即使导通孔/连接盘径越趋小型化,也不会发生错位,是一种能够推进多层化,高密度化的先端技术。本文讲述了以直接钻孔法形成高可靠度导通孔时所需的技术和药品。