TAG composition and solid fat content of palm oil, sunflower oil, and palm kernel olein belends before and after chemical interesterification

Modification of the characteristics of palm oil (PO), sunflower oil, and plam kernel olein (PKOo) according to conventional three-component mixture designs was undertaken by a combination of blending and chemical interesterification (CIE) techniques. TAG composition and solid fat content (SFC) profile of the starting blends were analyzed and compared with those of the interesterified blends. Upon CIE, extensive rearrangement of FA among TAG was evident. Concentrations of several TAG were increased, some were decreased, and several new TAG were formed. The resulting changes in TAG profile were reflected in the SFC of the blends. The SFC values of the chemically interesterified blends, except binary blends of PO/PKOo, revealed that they were softer than their respective starting blends. SFC data also indicated that eutectic interaction occurred between PO and PKOo in the starting blends and that this interaction was diminished after CIE.     

Multifunctional performance of gC<Subscript>3</Subscript>N<Subscript>4</Subscript>-BiFeO<Subscript>3</Subscript>-Cu<Subscript>2</Subscript>O hybrid nanocomposites for magnetic separable photocatalytic and antibacterial activity

Highly active gC₃N₄-BiFeO₃-Cu₂O nanocomposites were successfully prepared via a facile, cost effective and eco-friendly method of hydrothermally wet precipitation combined with ultrasonic dispersion process. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, HRSEM, EDS, TEM, UV–Vis DRS, PL, VSM, BET and electrochemical properties. By means of these analysis for examine the crystal phase, nanostructure, band gap and light-harvesting properties were carried out. UV-DRS spectra indicate that the bandgap of g-C₃N₄ (2.7 eV) reduced to 2.59 and 2.21 eV by mixed with corresponds to BiFeO₃ and BiFeO₃/Cu₂O nanomaterials. The ideal photocatalytic activity of the gC₃N₄-BiFeO₃-Cu₂O nanocomposites, where RhB dye under visible light irradiation which was up to 4.36 and 2.52 times as the higher photodegradation ability to compare pristine g-C₃N₄ and gC₃N₄-BiFeO₃ catalyst. The magnetization was confirmed by VSM studies, and hence, after the photocatalytic reaction, the magnetically separable catalyst can be quickly separated from the water by an external magnetic field. The superior photocatalytic performance is due to the synergistic effect on the interface of BiFeO₃/Cu₂O in the gC₃N₄-BiFeO₃-Cu₂O nanocomposites has reduced the bandgap which enables high separation efficiency of the charge carrier, suppressed recombination rate and their high surface area. Moreover, the chief gC₃N₄-BiFeO₃-Cu₂O catalyst can exhibited the lesser charge transfer resistance (impedance), enhances of photocurrent responses, whereas exposed to the development of photocatalytic appearance and more charge carrier ability. Also, the antibacterial activity of the gC₃N₄-BiFeO₃-Cu₂O nanocomposite has showing a well deactivation in both G⁺ (S. aureus) and G^? (E. coli) bacteria’s whereas compare to other prepared samples.     

Direct synthesis of Ru-Ni core-and-shell nanoparticles by spray-pyrolysis: Effects of temperature and precursor constituent ratio

Core-and-shell nanoparticles of Ru-Ni in the size range of 5-10 nm were synthesized by a single-step spray-pyrolysis process. Ruthenium chloride (RC) and nickel chloride (NC) were dissolved in water and used as a feed stream through an ultrasonic atomizer. The ruthenium chloride to nickel chloride (RC/NC) ratio was varied from 1:1 to 5:1 at various operating temperatures ranging from 500 °C to 1000 °C. Smooth core-and-shell nanoparticles were formed when the RC/NC ratio was 3:1 and 5:1 at 800 °C and 600 °C. A mechanism leading to the formation of such morphologies was proposed and was compared with the experimental results. It was found that as the RC/NC ratio in the precursor increased, temperature can be decreased to obtain core-and-shell nanoparticles. RC/NC ratio of 1:1 at low temperatures of 500 °C generated core-and-shell nanoparticles which are concentric rings. No core-and-shell morphologies were observed at temperatures higher than 800 °C. Once the core-and-shell particles are formed, the temperature can be varied in the range of 200 °C to cause a geometry change from core-and-shell to spherical nanoparticles.     

Mechanical Characterization Studies of Aluminium Alloy 7075 Based Nanocomposites

Silicon - In the present study, addition of nano silicon carbide particulates (nSiCp) in the matrix of aluminium alloy 7075 (AA7075) in different weight proportions (0 %, 0.5 %,...