Scientific Computing Kernels on the Cell Processor

In this work, we examine the potential of using the recently-released STI Cell processor as a building block for future high-end scientific computing systems. Our work contains several novel contributions. First, we introduce a performance model for Cell and apply it to several key numerical kernels: dense matrix multiply, sparse matrix vector multiply, stencil computations, and 1D/2D FFTs. Next, we validate our model by comparing results against published hardware data, as well as our own Cell blade implementations. Additionally, we compare Cell performance to benchmarks run on leading superscalar (AMD Opteron), VLIW (Intel Itanium2), and vector (Cray X1E) architectures. Our work also explores several different kernel implementations and demonstrates a simple and effective programming model for Cell’s unique architecture. Finally, we propose modest microarchitectural modifications that could significantly increase the efficiency of double-precision calculations. Overall results demonstrate the tremendous potential of the Cell architecture for scientific computations in terms of both raw performance and power efficiency.     

Translational regulator RpL10p/Grc5p interacts physically and functionally with Sed1p,a dynamic component of the yeast cell surface

Biogenesis of an active ribosome complement and a dynamic cell surface complement are two major determinants of cellular growth. In yeast, the 60S ribosomal subunit protein RpL10p/Grc5p functions during successive stages in ribosome biogenesis, specifically rRNA processing, nucle(ol)ar preribosomal subunit assembly, nucleo-cytoplasmic transport and cytoplasmic maturation of ribosomes. Here, we report that a two-hybrid screen identified yeast genes SED1, ACS2 and PLB3 as encoding proteins physically interacting with both ribosomal RpL10p/Grc5p and its human homologue hRpL10p/QMp. SED1 encodes a differentially expressed cell wall protein which is proposed to be first transiently secreted to the plasma membrane as a GPI (glycosylated derivative of phosphoinositol)-anchored form and to be then transferred to the glucan layer of the cell wall. Ectopic expression of SED1 rescues both the aberrant growth phenotype and the translation defect of grc5-1(ts) temperature-sensitive cells. Furthermore, we report that Sed1p associates with translating ribosomes suggesting a novel, cytoplasmic role for Sed1p. ACS2 encodes one of the two yeast acetyl-CoA synthases and represents a key enzyme in one of several metabolic routes to produce acetyl-CoA, which in turn is indispensable for lipid biosynthesis. PLB3 encodes a phospholipase, which is active in the breakdown of membrane lipids. Our results support the view that Grc5p/RpL10p links ribosome function to membrane turnover and cell surface biogenesis.     

Anion buffering in the internal electrolyte resulting in extended durability of phosphate-selective electrodes

The decomposition of the ionophore uranyl salophene in a polymeric membrane is the main source of the deterioration of phosphate-selective electrodes in time. Due to the efficient buffering of both phosphate and uranyl ions in the internal electrolyte solution, a significant decrease of the rate of decomposition of uranyl salophene in the membrane was observed, improving the lifetime of phosphate-selective electrodes. The most efficient buffering of such ions, resulting in the best sensor durability, was obtained using the internal electrolyte solution containing barium-uranyl phosphate mineral, meta-uranocircite II.     

Photoinduced absorption in bismuth titanate crystals on nano- and picosecond excitation

The peculiarities in the induced absorption of bismuth titanate (Bi₁₂TiO₂₀) crystals upon their irradiation by high-intensity nano- and picosecond pulses with a wave length of 532 nm have been studied. The relationship between the photochromic effect and radiation intensity at the fixed radiation dose in conditions of pulsed laser excitation has been established. A threshold character of the relationship between the photochromic effect and intensity has been found for the first time. A phenomenological model making it possible to explain qualitatively the dynamics of the trapping level population process has been proposed.     

Online blackmail of Czech children focused on so-called “sextortion” (analysis of culprit and victim behaviors)

The online blackmail of children within the environment of Internet services (specifically, social networks) has become an extremely dangerous phenomenon that affects 6–8% of Czech children. Within the following text, data obtained from research conducted in 2013–2015 by the Centre for the Prevention of Risky Virtual Communication, Faculty of Education, Palacký University in Olomouc will be discussed. A selection of analyses aimed at gender and age differences connected with the blackmailing of children will be presented. Additionally, whether the children participate in blackmailing on their own and whether they eventually become offenders of other individuals will be examined.The text will also be supplemented with a typical blackmail model using intimate and sexually explicit materials (which are referred to as “sextortion”) that was created based on a detailed analysis of 25 serious cases of online blackmail. The model has been divided into several connected stages through which the online attack is carried out. The specific stages are subsequently elaborated on using documented evidence. Based on the analysis of individual cases, we have compiled a model that describes the different stages of the process of extortion and can predict communication of the attacker and the victim.     

Possible Role of Different Yeast and Plant Lysophospholipid:Acyl-CoA Acyltransferases (LPLATs) in Acyl Remodelling of Phospholipids

Recent results have suggested that plant lysophosphatidylcholine:acyl‐coenzyme A acyltransferases (LPCATs) can operate in reverse in vivo and thereby catalyse an acyl exchange between the acyl‐coenzyme A (CoA) pool and the phosphatidylcholine. We have investigated the abilities of Arabidopsis AtLPCAT2, Arabidopsis lysophosphatidylethanolamine acyltransferase (LPEAT2), S. cerevisiae lysophospholipid acyltransferase (Ale1) and S. cerevisiae lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (SLC1) to acylate lysoPtdCho, lysoPtdEtn and lysoPtdOH and act reversibly on the products of the acylation; the PtdCho, PtdEtn and PtdOH. The tested LPLATs were expressed in an S. cervisiaeale1 strain and enzyme activities were assessed in assays using microsomal preparations of the different transformants. The results show that, despite high activity towards lysoPtdCho, lysoPtdEtn and lysoPtdOH by the ALE1, its capacities to operate reversibly on the products of the acylation were very low. Slc1 readily acylated lysoPtdOH, lysoPtdCho and lysoPtdEtn but showed no reversibility towards PtdCho, very little reversibility towards PtdEtn and very high reversibility towards PtdOH. LPEAT2 showed the highest levels of reversibility towards PtdCho and PtdEtn of all LPLATs tested but low ability to operate reversibly on PtdOH. AtLPCAT2 showed good reversible activity towards PtdCho and PtdEtn and very low reversibility towards PtdOH. Thus, it appears that some of the LPLATs have developed properties that, to a much higher degree than other LPLATs, promote the reverse reaction during the same assay conditions and with the same phospholipid. The results also show that the capacity of reversibility can be specific for a particular phospholipid, albeit the lysophospholipid derivatives of other phospholipids serve as good acyl acceptors for the forward reaction of the enzyme.     

Novel,Dual Target-Directed Annelated Xanthine Derivatives Acting on Adenosine Receptors and Monoamine Oxidase B

Annelated purinedione derivatives have been shown to act as possible multiple-target ligands, addressing adenosine receptors and monoaminooxidases. In this study, based on our previous results, novel annelated pyrimido- and diazepino[2,1-f]purinedione derivatives were designed as dual-target-directed ligands combining A_2A adenosine receptor (AR) antagonistic activity with blocking monoamine oxidase B. A library of 19 novel compounds was synthesized and biologically evaluated in radioligand binding studies at AR subtypes and for their ability to inhibit MAO-B. This allowed 9-(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)-3-ethyl-1-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[2,1-f]purine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione ( 13 e ; K_i human A_2AAR: 264 nM and IC₅₀ human MAO-B: 243 nM) to be identified as the most potent dual-acting ligand from this series. ADMET parameters were estimated in vitro, and analysis of the structure-activity relationships was complemented by molecular-docking studies based on previously published X-ray structures of the protein targets. Such dual-acting ligands, by selectively blocking A_2A AR, accompanied by the inhibition of dopamine metabolizing enzyme MAO-B, might provide symptomatic and neuroprotective effects in, among others, the treatment of Parkinson disease     

梅塞斯米特Bf-109 G-6

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Learning semantically-annotated routes for context-aware recommendations on map navigation systems

Modern technology has brought many changes to our everyday lives. Our need to be in constant touch with others has been met with the cellphone, which has become our companion and the convergence point of many technological advances. The combination of capabilities such as browsing the Internet and GPS reception has multiplied the services and applications based on the current location of the user. However, providing the user with these services has certain drawbacks. Although map navigation systems are the most meaningful way of displaying this information, the user still has to manually set up the filter in order to obtain a non-bloated visualization of the map and the available services. To tackle this problem, we present here a semantic multicriteria ant colony algorithm capable of learning the user's routes, including associated context information, and then predicting the most likely route a user is following, given his current location and context data. This knowledge could then be used as the basis for offering services related to his current (or most likely future) context data close to the path he is following. Our experimental results show that our algorithm is capable of obtaining consistent solutions sets even when multiple objective ontological terms are included in the process.     

Rapid Models for Predicting the Low‐Temperature Behavior of Diesel

The cold filtration plugging point (CFPP) is the method most commonly applied to characterize the low‐temperature behavior of diesel and its components. However, this method is time‐consuming and does not have good repeatability, especially for samples with very low CFPP values like kerosene, light cycle oil, etc. Three new models for CFPP prediction were developed and compared: a combined density and distillation curve, differential scanning calorimetry, and near‐infrared. A set of 133 samples of diesel components were used to create the models, containing streams from different sources and levels of treatment. A further 28 diesel samples were used to validate and compare the models. All three models not only were faster than the standard method but also were found to be in good agreement with CFPP values. Each model has its own particular advantages suiting it to a particular type of diesel sample and stage of the diesel production process.