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21.
Absorbed tissue dose measurements are carried out for high-energy photon beams using CaSO4:Dy thermo-luminescence dosemeter (TLD) badge and the results are also verified using ionisation chamber used in radiation therapy. The photon beams generated using linear accelerator at 6 and 18 MV photon beam energies have been used and the absorbed doses are measured at the surface as well as at various depths. It has been found that the depth at which maximum dose is delivered increases with the increase in photon energy and the depth of maximum absorbed dose in tissue occurs beyond 10 mm. It has also been found that the evaluation of the absorbed dose (or Hp(10) as well) using thermoluminescence readout of disc D1 clearly shows that the current TLD badge provides a reasonable estimate of the effective dose for photon fields from 6 to 18 MV linacs for anterior-posterior incidence. The paper also provides information regarding the misinterpretation of radiation pattern in multi-element/filter TLD badge. 相似文献
22.
The authors acknowledge certain errors in their recently published paper titled “PI and fuzzy logic controllers for shunt active power filter—A report. The ambiguity in bandwidth calculation of adaptive hysteresis controller and control aspects of dc-link voltage issues are addressed. The shunt APF system is validated through extensive simulation and the results are support features of the proposed technique. 相似文献
23.
Surface Electro-Myography (SEMG) signal plays key roles for clinical measurement. The strength of this signal at different instant of time and at different places of our body shows the respective muscle strength and identify if any types of muscles fatigue occurs or not. This is useful for sports personnel’s and especially for amputees and different orthopedic patients. The surgeon should have a vivid knowledge about the muscle strength of any part of human body. So a portable hand carrying device is necessary. In this paper we want to illustrate a proposed system which can indicate the strength as well as display the RMS value of the collected Electro-Myography signal on a proposed trainer board consists of a LED bar which indicates the respective strength of the signal in volts. The following system has also a provision to display the strength pattern in a PC in Lab View environment. This shows a detailed analysis of the EMG signal in respect to its waveform, equivalent DC value etc. 相似文献
24.
Sandeep Panda Chinmaya Kumar Sarangi Nilotpala Pradhan Tondepu Subbaiah Lala Behari Sukla Barada Kanta Mishra Gur Lal Bhatoa Mullukutlashivram Prasad Subrat Kumar Ray 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2012,29(6):781-785
A process flowsheet was developed to recover copper metal from the lean sulfide ore of copper available at Malanjkhand, Hindustan Copper Limited (HCL), India. Copper pregnant leach solution (PLS) obtained from bio-heap leaching of chalcopyrite containing 0.3% copper was purified through solvent extraction (SX) and the copper recovered by electrowinning (EW). The copper-free raffinate obtained from SX stripping unit was returned back to the bioleaching circuit. The purity of the electrolytic copper produced at pilot scale was found to be 99.96%. During electrowinning, the effect of flow rate of electrolyte on current efficiency and energy consumption was also studied. 相似文献
25.
Kurauchi K Nakaguchi Y Tsutsumi M Hori H Kurihara R Hashimoto S Ohnuma R Yamamoto Y Matsuoka S Kawai S Hirata T Kinoshita M 《Environmental science & technology》2005,39(8):2762-2768
Detection of endocrine disrupting chemicals, in particular, environmental estrogens with living organisms, has many advantages if compared to chemical analysis. The screening of novel pollutants with meaningful endpoints, the integration of uptake, bioconcentration, and excretion as well as the evaluation of endocrine disrupting effects with respect to toxicity require in vivo biotests for estrogen-like substances (ELSs). Critical disadvantages of whole organism biotests are their low sensitivity and the need for laborious and time-consuming work. To overcome these problems, we have developed a transgenic medaka strain harboring the green fluorescence protein (GFP) gene driven by choriogenin H gene regulatory elements. Choriogenin H is an egg envelope protein induced by estrogens in the liver. With yolk sac larvae of this strain, GFP induction in liver was observed 24 h after onset of aqueous exposure to 0.63 nM 17beta-estradiol (E2), 0.34 nM ethynylestradiol, or 14.8 nM estrone. Furthermore, concentrated sewage treatment effluent induced GFP expression. Comparison of E2 equivalents estimated by GFP-induction in transgenic medaka, a YES assay, and GC/MS showed detection limits in the same order of magnitude. These results indicated that the sensitivity of the transgenic medaka strain was sufficient for application as an alternative model in monitoring environmental water samples for ELSs. 相似文献
26.
Kenichiro Sato Masahiro Kameda Takao Yasuhara Takashi Agari Tanefumi Baba Feifei Wang Aiko Shinko Takaaki Wakamori Atsuhiko Toyoshima Hayato Takeuchi Tatsuya Sasaki Susumu Sasada Akihiko Kondo Cesario V. Borlongan Mitsunori Matsumae Isao Date 《International journal of molecular sciences》2013,14(11):21513-21524
The number of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients is increasing, and stroke is deeply associated with DM. Recently, neuroprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are reported. In this study, we explored whether liraglutide, a GLP-1 analogue exerts therapeutic effects on a rat stroke model. Wistar rats received occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 90 min. At one hour after reperfusion, liraglutide or saline was administered intraperitoneally. Modified Bederson’s test was performed at 1 and 24 h and, subsequently, rats were euthanized for histological investigation. Peripheral blood was obtained for measurement of blood glucose level and evaluation of oxidative stress. Brain tissues were collected to evaluate the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The behavioral scores of liraglutide-treated rats were significantly better than those of control rats. Infarct volumes of liraglutide-treated rats at were reduced, compared with those of control rats. The level of derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolite was lower in liraglutide-treated rats. VEGF level of liraglutide-treated rats in the cortex, but not in the striatum significantly increased, compared to that of control rats. In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate neuroprotective effects of liraglutide on cerebral ischemia through anti-oxidative effects and VEGF upregulation. 相似文献
27.
Sanjeev Verma Arindam Chatterjee Harpreet Pal Singh Amod Kumar Kanta Garg Kashidas Chattopadhyay 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》2013,67(5-8):1899-1907
This paper relates to the development of prosthetic myoelectric hand that performs many functions of real human hand like opening and closing of fingers and wrist rotation. This dual movement of prosthetic hand is controlled by a single DC motor. Below-elbow amputee persons with missing limbs can append this prosthetic hand with the available stump and can do some of the hand operations with multiple degrees of freedom by voluntary activation of muscles using electromyogram (EMG) electrodes. To rehabilitate such a person, facilities like opening, closing, grasping, and lifting objects of different weight with variable grip force are available like natural hand. The main design consideration includes degrees of freedom, number of actuators, power of actuators, reliability, electronic control, light weight, economic viability, wrist rotation, variable grip force pattern, and ease of attachment with limb. Use of electromagnetic clutches along with the coupling logic of DC motor and microcontroller based on grip force generation and wrist rotation based on EMG signals imparts a new function to the device. It will be useful for both robotic and prosthetic industry. 相似文献
28.
Chao Zhang Abdoul-Fatah Kanta Chang-Jiu Li Hanlin Liao 《Surface & coatings technology》2009,204(4):463-469
In-flight particle characteristics (surface temperature and velocity upon impact) are among the most important parameters which influence the coating microstructures and properties in atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) process. The purpose of this paper is to study hydrogen fraction used as secondary plasma forming gas on the in-flight particle surface temperature and by extension on the coating microstructures of atmospheric plasma-sprayed 8 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia electrolyte coatings implementing in particular artificial neural networks (ANN). Then, the predicted in-flight particle characteristics were on the one hand compared to experimental values and on the other hand correlated to some of the coating structural attributes (porosity and gas specific permeability). The predicted results were in good accordance with the experimental data. Results showed that the H2 flow rate had obvious influence on particle temperature and had almost no significant effect on particle velocity. Increasing the particle temperatures induced dense coating microstructure and improved the gas-tightness performance. 相似文献
29.
An approach based on a fuzzy logic controller was implemented to control and regulate the atmospheric plasma spray processing parameters (arc current intensity, total plasma gas flow, hydrogen content) to the in-flight particle characteristics (average surface temperature and velocity). The specific case of predicting plasma power spray process parameters to manufacture grey alumina (Al2O3-TiO2, 13% by wt.) coatings was considered. This composition was selected due on the one hand to the large literature depicting coating characteristics and on the other one to pre-existing databases. The influence of the plasma spray process on the in-flight particle characteristics was investigated in order to build the experimental database. 相似文献