Operation and simulation of city of Gaziantep water supply system in Turkey

Water supply systems are becoming more important, since there are increasing requirements to improve operation whilst improving the environment so that their behaviour can be fully understood and the total process is optimised. This paper presents simulation and control of water supply system of Gaziantep city in Turkey for management purposes. The main objectives are to ensure the behaviour of a water supply system and to regulate the water flow and heads by manipulating the water pumps. The system consists of a sequence of pumping stations that deliver water through pipelines to intermediate storage reservoirs. The model used is obtained using dominant system variables that represent active and passive dynamical elements. The hydraulic models also include the nonlinear coupling between flows and reservoir heads. The polynomial H_∞ optimisation method is used to design a level controller that regulates water flow and heads through the system. The whole system is simulated, and the results are presented and compared with the real-time measured data.     

The impact of gate-oxide breakdown on SRAM stability

We have investigated the effects of oxide soft breakdown (SBD) on the stability of CMOS 6T SRAM cells. Gate-to-diffusion leakage currents of 20-50 μA at the n-FET source can result in a 50% reduction of noise margin. Breakdown at other locations in the cell may be less deleterious depending on n-FET width. This approach gives targets for tolerable values of leakage caused by gate-oxide breakdown     

Impairing Forgetting by Preventing New Learning and Memory.

Two causes of forgetting have been promulgated: memory trace decay and retroactive interference. The authors show that forgetting is an active process requiring both new learning and memory. In the present 1Lymnaea model system, prevention of new learning of a conflicting association, inhibition of memory consolidation, or Right Pedal Dorsal 1 soma ablation, which blocks LTM formation, are all potent means to prevent forgetting. Thus procedures that alter the ability to learn or form memory of a new conflicting aerial respiratory association prevent forgetting of a learned associative behavior. These results are the 1st demonstration in any model system that forgetting requires the soma of a single neuron. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cross Section Calculations of (n,2n) and (n,p) Nuclear Reactions on Germanium Isotopes at 14–15 MeV

Neutron incident reaction cross sections of Germanium isotopes (^70,72,74,76Ge) were investigated for the (n,2n) and (n,p) reactions around 14–15 MeV. Cross section calculations have been presented for ⁷⁰Ge(n,2n)⁶⁹Ge, ⁷²Ge(n,2n)⁷¹Ge, ⁷⁴Ge(n,2n)⁷³Ge, ⁷⁶Ge(n,2n)⁷⁵Ge, ⁷⁰Ge(n,p)⁷⁰Ga, ⁷²Ge(n,p)⁷²Ga, ⁷⁴Ge(n,p)⁷⁴Ga, and ⁷⁶Ge(n,p)⁷⁶Ga reactions. Theoretical calculations were performed with four different computer codes: ALICE/ASH for the Geometry Dependent Hybrid model, TALYS 1.6 for two component Exciton model, EMPIRE 3.2 Malta for Exciton model and PCROSS for Full Exciton model with the incident neutron energy up to 20 MeV. The (n,2n) and (n,p) reaction cross section calculations were compared with empirical formulas derived by several researchers and compared with the experimental data obtained from EXFOR database as well as with evaluated Nuclear data files (ENDF/B-VII.1: USA 2014). Results show good agreement between the theoretical calculations having a major importance in nuclear data evaluation calculations and the experimental data from literature.     

Safety studies of a hydrogen refuelling station: Determination of the occurrence frequency of the accidental scenarios

At present, the hydrogen vehicles technology appears to have future prospective for reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Nevertheless, the development of such a technology requires appropriate infrastructures for production, storage and refuelling stages in a refuelling station. This one presents safety challenges due to the hydrogen chemicophysical characteristics. So, to avoid hazards, it is necessary to implement safety practices that, if early adopted in the development of a fuelling station project, can allow very low impact, safety being incorporated in the project itself. However, a drawback is the not sufficient experience and the scarcity of the relevant data collection. To deepen studies about the risk in the above mentioned field, in this paper, for the moment, safety analyses of a high-pressure storage equipment in hydrogen gas refuelling station have been carried out by the integrated use of FMEA, HAZOP and FTA techniques. The work is intended to assess if the refuelling station design taken into consideration is safe enough, at least from the occurrence frequency point of view, as well to constitute a basis for further more refined studies which also consider the consequences aspects, allowing the plant risk assessment.     

Assessment of products for optimal lifetime

Sustainable manufacturing requires products to be developed with a predetermined useful life, which will minimise resource usage and environmental impact based on their intended End-of-Life strategy. Long term implementation of this concept requires this objective to be incorporated as another target during the early product development so that each component is designed with an optimum useful life. This paper presents a methodology to assess a product's life during the design phase based on product failure mechanisms and their associated critical lifetime prediction parameters. A number of products were used to prove the concept and demonstrate the usefulness of the methodology.     

Mo.nalis.a: a methodological approach to identify how to meet thermal industrial needs using already available geothermal resources

Mo.nalis.a is a conceptual model aimed at identifying the most suitable local geothermal sources to match the nearest industrial thermal needs. The methodological approach proposed is based on investigating industrial thermal processes and then identifying suitable geothermal solution plants that match these thermal requirements. The model was tested in Apulia (southern Italy) as a case study for assessing how the methodology could contribute to reducing the use of conventional energy resources for the industrial heat supply sector. The medium thermal needs in Apulia are always higher than 60 °C, and the main strategic industrial processes discussed into this work are “pasta and flour production” “wastewater treatment/sludge digestion” and “swimming pool management”. In order to match these industrial thermal demands, the most suitable proposed plant is the ground water heat pump system, limited to the first 100 m, the depth involved in the heat exchange through vertical probes of model. Finally, Mo.nalis.a identifies the Apulian areas with a possible development of these three activities using geothermal resource: the Foggia province, Murge and Salento sectors.     

Resources for new product development in Australia

This article presents findings from a survey to determine resources for new product development available in Australia with emphasis on training, education, and consulting in the area of concurrent engineering activities, tools, and techniques. First the study surveys what is available in terms of courses and support services. Then the adequacy of these resources and the gap between them is examined to achieve more customer-focused products and shorter time-to-market. Finally, the human factor role in new product development is also explored. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.