Studies on steam condensation and particle diffusiophoresis in a heat exhanger tube

In this paper, studies on steam condensation and aerosol behaviour in a heat exchanger are presented. The heat exchanger is a model of one single tube of a Passive Containment Condenser (PCC) that is used in the European Simplified Boiling Water Reactor (ESBWR). A hot carrier gas containing nitrogen and steam with Ag and CsOH particles flows through the heat exchanger. The walls of the heat exchanger are cooled with a water jacket, thus causing steam condensation and diffusiophoretic particle deposition. The amount of condensed steam is measured, as well as the temperatures, particle mass concentrations and size distributions before and after the heat exchanger. The experiments are done with different proportions of steam and nitrogen in the carrier gas. Heat and mass transfer in the system are modelled with well known engineering correlations, producing results that agree nicely with the experimental results. The diffusiophoretic particle deposition velocity is shown to be proportional to the steam condensation rate, as expected.     

A multiagent framework for coordinated parallel problem solving

Today’s organizations, under increasing pressure on the effectiveness and the increasing need for dealing with complex tasks beyond a single individual’s capabilities, need technological support in managing complex tasks that involve highly distributed and heterogeneous information sources and several actors. This paper describes CoPSF, a multiagent system middle-ware that simplifies the development of coordinated problem solving applications while ensuring standard compliance through a set of system services and agents. CoPSF hosts and serves multiple concurrent teams of problem solving contributing both to the limitation of communication overheads and to the reduction of redundant work across teams and organizations. The framework employs (i) an interleaved task decomposition and allocation approach, (ii) a mechanism for coordination of agents’ work, and (iii) a mechanism that enables synergy between parallel teams.     

冲击干燥提高效率和产能

对美卓造纸机械的冲击干燥装置进行了简述。将冲击干燥与传统干燥的蒸发效率进行了比较,对比结果表明了冲击干燥装置的优越性。     

Facile Synthesis of 7-Aryl-benzo[h]tetrazolo[5,1-b]quinazoline-5,6-dione Fused Polycyclic Compounds by Using a Novel Magnetic Polyurethane Catalyst

Novel Brönsted acid functionalized magnetic polymeric nanocomposite, Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Fe₁₂O₁₉@PU-SO₃H, has been successfully synthesized and characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. The catalytic activity of the nanocomposite was tested in the regioselective synthesis of 7-aryl-benzo[h]tetrazolo [5,1-b] quinazoline-5,6-diones in an eco-friendly and recyclable media, deep eutectic solvent (DES), based on choline chloride and urea. This novel method offers several advantages, such as high yields, short reaction time, environmentally friendly reaction media, easy isolation of the product, and also offers an easy method for the synthesis of nanocatalysts. The catalyst was readily recycled by the use of an external magnetic field and could be reused 6 times without significant loss of activity or mass. DES as one of the most promising environmentally benign and cost-effective alternatives to conventional ionic liquids and volatile organic solvents was recovered from the aqueous filtrate by evaporating the water under vacuum. The recycled DES was used up to 4 runs without any loss in activity.     

Urban Planning and the Delimitation of Diversity: Roma as ‘In Place’ and ‘Out of Place’ in Jungbusch,Mannheim

Planning theory is increasingly concerned with how urban planning is engaged in the management of cultural difference and diversity. But there is a need to consider the conditions by which difference is ‘allowed’ in processes of planning and urban development. This paper explores the conditions under which the Roma is admitted into the image of Jungbusch, Mannheim, as a ‘diverse’ neighbourhood, and thereby into the category of diversity in the local discourse of planning. We argue that cultural differences are allowed in the category of diversity to the degree that they contribute to the economic and normative aims of managed diversity.     

Evaluation of basidiomycetous fungi for pretreatment of contaminated soil

BACKGROUND: For most dioxin‐contaminated sawmill soils, combustion is recommended. However, the process may be inefficient if the soil has a high organic matter content. The use of saprotrophic basidiomycetous fungi is an alternative for pretreatment of this kind of soil. A total of 147 fungi were evaluated for their ability to grow in sawmill soil. From this screening, the best soil colonizing fungi were selected to study their enzyme activities and degradation of soil organic matter. Pine (Pinus sylvestris) bark was used as a co‐substrate to propagate the fungi into the soil. The activities of manganese peroxidase (MnP), laccase, endo‐1,4‐β‐glucanase, endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase, and endo‐1,4‐β‐mannanase were analysed from the inocula and fungal treated soil. RESULTS: The screening revealed that 56 out of 147 fungi were able to grow in non‐sterile soil, and most of them were litter‐decomposing fungi (LDF). In pine bark cultures, the highest enzyme activities were observed with Phanerochaete velutina, which produced 5 U g^?1 of MnP. The activity of endo‐1,4‐β‐glucanase was generally higher than that of other hydrolytic enzymes. The highest carbon loss from soil with a high organic matter content was achieved by P. velutina (3.4%) and Stropharia rugosoannulata (2.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Many LDF, and in addition the white‐rot fungus P. velutina, are potential degraders of soil organic matter since they showed good growth and respiratory activity. Pine bark was a suitable lignocellulosic co‐substrate and a good promoter of MnP activity. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

"Shouldn't we consider...?": Jury discussions of forbidden topics and effects on damage awards.

The Federal Rules of Evidence prohibit disclosure to civil jurors of information that is arguably related to their decision-making (e.g., that either party is insured). The basis for so-called "blindfolding" is that a jury might be biased by this information to alter its appraisal of the evidence to reach a desired verdict. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which mock juries in an automobile negligence case discuss several "silent factors" during deliberation (viz., insurance carried by the parties, the payment of attorneys' fees, and previous settlements between the plaintiff and other defendants) and the effects of such discussion on their compensatory damage award. We presented summaries of the evidence that varied in the severity of the plaintiff's injuries and the reprehensibility of the defendant's conduct. These variables influenced judgments of liability and damage awards. Analysis of the content of jury deliberations regarding damages showed that, although nearly all juries talked about silent factors, the size of their damage awards was unrelated to the frequency of these discussions and that such discussion accounted for only a very small portion of the variance in awards. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)