Expected interference in wireless networks with geometric path loss: a closed-form approximation

In this letter, we derive 2λπP/((α - 2)g^{(α - 2)} as a closed-form approximation of the expected interference around a receiver in wireless networks. We use a geometric path loss model, assume that nodes are randomly distributed, and that only nodes outside a guard zone around the receiver simultaneously transmit. The derived solution depends on the path loss exponent α, node density λ, transmission power per node P, and the radius g of the guard zone. The simplicity of this solution makes it widely applicable in wireless network analysis.     

On the influence of residual stresses on the fracture behavior of a structural steel in the KIc temperature range

The increase with increasing temperature of K_Ic, measured with 2CT and 1'CT specimens, from about 10³N mm at 77 K to about 2.10³ N mm at about 170 K is attributed to the increasing proportion of dimple to cleavage fracture as revealed by scanning electron microscope investigation.

The specimens were prestrained to different partial scale yielding states by the same kind of loading, performed at 298 K, as in the later K_Ictests, performed at 77 K. After pretension K_Ic = K^*_Ic is increased by a maximum amount of about half of the value K⁰_Icof nonprestrained specimens, after precompression it is reduced by the same amount if this value is evaluated from the load at which a pop-in occurs. The value K_Ic = K^**_Ic for the final fracture lies between K^*_Ic and K⁰_Ic. These results are interpretated in terms of the residual stress states due to prestraining.     

Untersuchungen des Zeitstandverhaltens von Schweißverbindungen der Werkstoffe X 20 CrMoV 12 1 und GS-17 CrMoV 5 11

Untersucht wird das Zeitstandverhalten gleichartiger Schweißverbindungen des Werkstoffs X 20 CrMoV 12 1 sowie ungleichartiger Verbindungen zwischen diesem und dem Werkstoff GS-17 CrMoV 5 11. Bei quer entnommenen Kleinproben zeigt sich ein Abfall der Zeitstandfestigkeit gegenüber dem Grundwerkstoff. Große Querproben aus einer ungleichartigen Verbindung weisen eine höhere Zeitstandfestigkeit auf als entsprechende Kleinproben. Zur Klärung der in den Schweißverbindungen auftretenden Spannungs- und Dehnungsumlagerungen wurden inelastische Finite-Elemente-(FE-)Berechnungen durchgeführt. Dabei wurde das Zeitdehnverhalten von Grundwerkstoffen, Schweißgut und thermisch simulierten Gefügen der Wärmeeinflußzone berücksichtigt. Die Anwendung spannungsbezogener Kriterien zur Bestimmung der Anrißdauer der Proben auf die FE-Ergebnisse läßt eine Voraussage des Versagensorts sowie eine sichere Abschätzung der Versagenszeit zu.     

Evaporation rate and separation factor of molecular distillation in a falling film apparatus

During molecular distillation in a falling film apparatus, temperature and concentration of the more volatile components undergo a marked decrease in axial and radial directions, due to the distillation in vacuo. The gradients produce changes in the rate of surface evaporation and separation efficiency along the flow path. A theoretical study of this problem is presented for binary mixtures. The respective differential equations for heat and mass transfer in the liquid film are solved numerically. As the results demonstrate, the aspect ratio of an apparatus should be large when a high separation is required and small when a high distillation rate is more important.