LOCALIZED CORROSION OF MICROCRYSTALS OF 1Crl8Ni9Ti STAINLESS STEEL

The resistances against localized corrosion of 1Cr18Ni9Ti microcrystals with normal grainsize and bcc structure obtained hy magnetron sputtering have been compared.The two kindsof microcrystals with (110) and (211) textures respectively were obtained under differentsputtering conditions.Both microcrystals were found to have better resistance against local-ized corrosion than the crystal with normal grain.The microcrystal with (110) preferredorientation has larger resistance to localized corrosion than that with (211) preferredorientation.     

Measurement of the particle movement in the fountain region of a Wurster type bed

A non-intrusive technique to follow single particles in the fountain region of a spouted bed with draft tube, the Wurster coater, is developed and tested. Compared to other techniques found in literature, the measurement technique presented here is easy to handle, inexpensive and suitable for particles with a diameter down to 500 μm. The measurements are performed in a laboratory scale Wurster bed constructed of Plexiglas to allow optical access to the flow. A small quantity of the particles in the bed are marked with fluorescence. A UV lamp is used to excite the fluorescence and the marked particles are followed with a high-speed video camera equipped with an optical filter. A single marked particle in the fountain can be followed in 5-30 images in sequence at a frame rate of 125 fps. The particle position and velocity are calculated. The distribution of the particle trajectories maximum height is studied for different particle loading, jet air velocity and position of the Wurster tube. The technique can be used for the characterization of differences in process dynamics due to different operating conditions.     

Controlled destruction of residual crosslinker in a silicone elastomer for drug delivery

In drug delivery systems that use silicone elastomers as a diffusion matrix for the active drug, it is common to crosslink the material by the hydrosilylation reaction. In this platinum‐catalyzed reaction, vinyl groups on a polymer add to the methyl siloxane hydride (MHS) groups on a low molecular mass crosslinker. With an excess of crosslinker, a fast curing is achieved and a fully crosslinked material is formed. Unreacted MHS groups were shown to remain in the elastomer after curing because of the excess crosslinker. In this work, a simple procedure was developed to eliminate the unreacted MHS groups from the final product. We found that storage of the product at +40°C and 75% relative humidity for a few weeks will effectively destroy the residual MHS groups in the elastomer. The effects of varying levels of humidity, oxygen, and temperature on this postcuring procedure were studied. The amount of MHS groups was measured with NMR and IR spectroscopy. We also found that the hardness of the material increased by approximately 25% as a consequence of this postcuring treatment. This increase is probably due to a secondary crosslinking reaction between MHS and silanol groups. Heat treatment at higher temperatures led to an even further increase in the hardness and compression modulus. Because no MHS groups remained in the elastomer when this heat treatment was started, it is apparent that another secondary crosslinking reaction is occurring, probably silanol condensation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2254–2264, 2002     

充实自己,把握未来

正告别"一生",迎来"一世"。新旧交替中,中国车市开启了新的篇章。2013年,在"微增长"的预期下,国内汽车产销双双超过2000万辆,再创全球产销最高纪录,国内私家车保有量进一步提升。在汽车后市场被业内人公认为汽车售后利润增长点的情况下,这     

Mass transport in a weakly stratified electrochemical cell

A study of natural convection in an electrochemical system with a Rayleigh number of the order 10¹⁰ is presented. Theoretical and experimental results for the unsteady behaviour of the concentration and velocity fields during electrolysis of an aqueous solution of a metal salt are given. The cell geometry is a vertical slot and the reaction kinetics is governed by a Butler-Volmer law. To reduce the effects of stratification, the flush mounted electrodes are located (symmetrically) in the middle parts of the vertical walls. It is demonstrated, both theoretically and experimentally, that a weak stratification develops after a short time, regardless of cell geometry, even in the central part of the cell. This stratification has a strong effect on the velocity field, which rapidly attains boundary layer character. Measured profiles of concentration and vertical velocity at and above the cathode are in good agreement with numerical predictions. For a constant cell voltage, numerical computations show that between the initial transient and the time when stronger stratification reaches the electrode area, the distribution of electric current is approximately steady.List of symbols a _i left hand side of equation system - b _i right hand side of equation system - c concentration (mol m^–3) - c dimensionless concentration - c _i concentration of species i' (mol m^–3) - c₀ initial cell concentration (300 mol m^–3) - c ₀ dimensionless initial cell concentration - c_wall concentration at electrode surface (mol m^–3) - dx increment solution vector in Newton's method - D _i diffusion coefficient of species i (m² s^–1) - D ₁ 0.38 × 10^–9 m² s^–1 - D ₂ 0.82 × 10^–9 m² s^–1 - D effective diffusion coefficient of the electrolyte (0.52 × 10^–9 m² s^–1) - _x unit vector in the vertical direction - _y unit vector in the horizontal direction - F Faraday's constant (96 487 A s mol^–1) - g acceleration of gravity (9.81 m s^–2) - i dummy referring to positive (i = 1) or negative (i = 2) ion - f current density (A m^–2) - f dimensionless current density - i₀ exchange current density (0.01 A m^–2) - J _ij Jacobian of system matrix - L length of electrode (0.03 m) - N _i transport flux density of ion i (mol m^–2 s^–1) - n unit normal vector - p pressure (Nm^–2) - p dimensionless pressure - R gas constant molar (8.31 J K^–1 mol^–1) - R _i residual of equation system - Ra Rayleigh number gL ³ c ₀/D (2.54 × 101¹⁰) - S _c Schmidt number /D (1730) - t time (s) - t dimensionless time - T temperature (293 K) - velocity vector (m s^–1) - dimensionless velocity vector - U characteristic velocity in the vertical direction - V _± potential of anode and cathode, respectively - x spatial coordinate in vertical direction (m) - x dimensionless spatial coordinate in vertical direction - x solution vector for c, and - y spatial coordinate in horizontal direction (m) - y dimensionless spatial coordinate in horizontal direction - z _i charge number of ion i Greek symbols symmetry factor of the electrode kinetics, 0.5 - volume expansion coefficient (1.24 × 10^–4 m³ mol^–1) - _s surface overpotential - constant in equation for the electric potential (–5.46) - _s diffusion layer thickness - scale of diffusion layer thickness - constant relating c/y to the Butler-Volmer law (0.00733) - kinematic viscosity (0.9 × 10^–6 m2 s^–1)     

汾河沉积物中重金属污染及生态风险评价

研究针对汾河太原段的沉积物进行采样,对重金属进行分析。测定结果表明：汾河太原段沉积物中重金属的含量很高,4种重金属之间、12个采样点之间含量差别较大;含量反映了工业排放是造成汾河太原段重金属含量高的主要原因。重金属污染状况评价表明：所研究的4种重金属都处于中等以上污染水平,污染程度排行为：Pb〉Cr〉Cu〉Ni;对采样点进行综合污染状况评价表明,所有采样点均处于一个较高或很高的污染水平,污染最严重的是胜利桥和涧河。潜在生态风险评价表明：Cu处于较高的潜在生态风险,Pb、Cr和Ni处于中、低的潜在风险;采样点的潜在风险评价表明：胜利桥、涧河和南沙河的综合潜在生态风险处于较高水平。     

Single-stage flowing liquid film impactor for continuous on-line particle analysis

A single-stage “wet impactor” is presented, where the impaction occurs on a regenerated water surface. The developed impactor is equipped with an impaction liquid support plate of etched glass and a drain spout providing a continuous liquid flow covering the impaction area. Subsequent transport of the impaction liquid makes an on-line determination possible. With multiple nozzles (74 holes, 0.3 mm i.d.) and an air flow of 101/min the cut-off was determined to 0.41 ± 0.02 μm. The impactor was also investigated for its particle loss. The cut-off function, regarding the consequences of letting impaction occur in a liquid film is discussed and compared to conventional impactors. The analysis technique was tested in an ambient air measurement study with an ion chromatograph attached to the sampling system.     

钟摆目标的微多普勒特征分析与提取

针对室内雷达目标的分类和识别问题,建立了室内钟摆目标的微动数学模型和回波模型,分析了室内钟摆运动产生的微多普勒特征.通过仿真钟摆目标的雷达回波,采用平滑伪Winger-Ville时频分析方法,提取了钟摆目标的微多普勒特征.结果表明:室内钟摆运动产生的微多普勒特征是周期为1/2钟摆周期的正弦调制.从仿真回波中提取的微多普勒特征与理论推导一致,验证了模型及理论分析的正确性.     

基于支持向量机的高速公路事件检测算法研究

高速公路事件检测是交通信息工程及控制学科中的一项重要研究课题,以高速公路交通流的特点为研究对象,提出了一种基于支持向量机(SVM)的高速公路事件检测算法.根据支持向量机的基本原理,分别设计了基于线性不可分SVM、齐次多项式核函数、高斯径向基核函数、双曲线正切核函数等不同核函数的事件检测算法.仿真结果表明:针对不同的交通流状况,选择合适的SVM模型和核函数,得到的检测结果与经典的加利福尼亚算法相比,检测效率高,性能指标好,具有较高的实际应用价值.     

Logistic回归与分类树模型的比较

为了有效地评估客户的可信度,提高信贷机构经济效益。文中通过统计学中的参数方法Logistic回归和非参数方法分类树这两种方法,建立两种模型对数据进行预测,应用SPSS软件的Binary Logistic Regression方法,利用ROC曲线的性质来对模型的性能进行评价,根据输出结果比较两种模型在应用中都是可行有效的,在实际操作中应因地制宜,把握两种方法的优势,得到更有价值的结果.