A review on gasification of biomass

Studies on the effect of size, structure, environment, temperature, heating rate, composition of biomass and ash are reviewed. Based on the observations reported so far, auto-gasification of biomass by the bio-oxygen and the catalytic ash would be feasible. The auto-gasification may be explained in terms of heterogeneous catalytic reaction. Better understanding of auto-gasification is possible by further studies carrying out on the effect of heating rate on auto-gasification.     

Tumor-Microenvironment Characterization of the MB49 Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder-Cancer Orthotopic Model towards New Therapeutic Strategies

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) instillations for the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients can result in significant side effects and treatment failure. Immune checkpoint blockade and/or decreasing tumor-infiltrating myeloid suppressor cells may be alternative or complementary treatments. Here, we have characterized immune cell infiltration and chemoattractant molecules in mouse orthotopic MB49 bladder tumors. Our data show a 100-fold increase in CD45⁺ immune cells from day 5 to day 9 tumors including T cells and mainly myeloid cells. Both monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor-cells (M-MDSC) and polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSC were strongly increased in day 9 tumors, with PMN-MDSC representing ca. 70% of the myeloid cells in day 12 tumors, while tumor associated macrophages (TAM) were only modestly increased. The kinetic of PD-L1 tumor expression correlated with published data from patients with PD-L1 expressing bladder tumors and with efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatment, further validating the orthotopic MB49 bladder-tumor model as suitable for designing novel therapeutic strategies. Comparison of chemoattractants expression during MB49 bladder tumors grow highlighted CCL8 and CCL12 (CCR2-ligands), CCL9 and CCL6 (CCR-1-ligands), CXCL2 and CXCL5 (CXCR2-ligands), CXCL12 (CXCR4-ligand) and antagonist of C5/C5a as potential targets to decrease myeloid suppressive cells. Data obtained with a single CCR2 inhibitor however showed that the complex chemokine crosstalk would require targeting multiple chemokines for anti-tumor efficacy.     

基于NPU和NSE系统的控制平面分析

典型的网络系统包括一个或多个用于监视数据平面分组处理的控制平面CPU。通过CPU进行的控制更新将导致存储于网络搜索引擎(NSE)和相联SRAM中的路由表和政策表的更新。在数据平面中,NSE和SRAM通过诸如网络处理机论坛的LookAside-1(LA-1)接口等高速接口连接至网络处理单元(NPU)。从外部CPU至NSE和SRAM的控制平面更新信息可以经由带内线路(即在NPU内部并通过NPU的LA-1接口)来传送。     

Face anti-spoofing by identity masking using random walk patterns and outlier detection

Pattern Analysis and Applications - Existing architectures used in face anti-spoofing tend to deploy registered spatial measurements to generate feature vectors for spoof detection. This means that...     

Fortress Abstractions in X10 Framework

International Journal of Parallel Programming - Fortress provides a nice set of abstractions used widely in scientific computing. The use of such abstractions enhances the productivity of...     

Interfacial and Bulk Magnetic Properties of Stoichiometric Cerium Doped Terbium Iron Garnet Polycrystalline Thin Films

One of the best magneto‐optical claddings for optical isolators in photonic integrated circuits is sputter deposited cerium‐doped terbium iron garnet (Ce:TbIG) which has a large Faraday rotation (≈?3500° cm^?1 at 1550 nm). Near‐ideal stoichiometry $\left(\frac{\text{Ce}+\text{Tb}}{\text{Fe}}=0.57\right)$ of Ce_0.5Tb_2.5Fe_4.75O₁₂ is found to have a 44 nm magnetic dead layer that can impede the interaction of propagating modes with garnet claddings. The effective anisotropy of Ce:TbIG on Si is also important, but calculations using bulk thermal mismatch overestimate the effective anisotropy. Here, X‐ray diffraction measurements yield highly accurate measurements of strain that show anisotropy favors an in‐plane magnetization in agreement with the positive magnetostriction of Ce:TbIG. Upon doping TbIG with Ce, a slight decrease in compensation temperature occurs which points to preferential rare‐earth occupation in dodecahedral sites and an absence of cation redistribution between different lattice sites. The high Faraday rotation, large remanent ratio, large coercivity, and preferential in‐plane magnetization enable Ce:TbIG to be an in‐plane latched garnet, immune to stray fields with magnetization collinear to direction of light propagation.     

Big data driven jobs remaining time prediction in discrete manufacturing system: a deep learning-based approach

Implementing advanced big data (BD) analytic is significant for successful incorporation of artificial intelligence in manufacturing. With the widespread deployment of smart sensors and internet of things (IOT) in the job shop, there is an increasing need for handling manufacturing BD for predictive manufacturing. In this study, we conceive the jobs remaining time (JRT) prediction during manufacturing execution based on deep learning (DL) with production BD. We developed a procedure for JRT prediction that includes three parts: raw data collection, candidate dataset design and predictive modelling. First, the historical production data are collected by the widely deployed IOT in the job shop. Then, the candidate dataset is formalised to capture various contributory factors for JRT prediction. Further, a DL model named stacked sparse autoencoder (S-SAE) is constructed to learn representative features from high dimensional manufacturing BD to make robust and accurate JRT prediction. Our work represents the first DL model for the JRT prediction at run time during production. The proposed methods are applied in a large-scale job shop that is equipped with 44 machine tools and produces 13 types of parts. Lastly, the experimental results show the S-SAE model has higher accuracy than previous linear regression, back-propagation network, multi-layer network and deep belief network in JRT prediction.     

Processing of Thermoplastic Composites Using a Powder Slurry Technique. I. Impregnation and Preheating

The success of thermoplastic matrix composites depends upon the development of economical methods of impregnation. The purpose of this work was to develop and understand an economical impregnation procedure using a slurry based powder technology. An impregnation and preheating line consisting of a fiber tensioner, a slurry bath, a drying heater, a coating heater, and a fiber winder was used to make resin coated fibers. The influence of the process parameters on the impregnation, preheating, coating, and consolidation were studied. Part I of this paper presents the experimental investigation of the impregnation and preheating stages of the process together with a preheating model. Luikov's coupled equations of heat and mass transfer were used to model the heating and drying of the tow in the preheater. The predictions of the preheating and drying model are compared to the experimentally obtained results.     

Synthesis of fine-particle titanates by the pyrolysis of oxalate precursors

Fine-particle MTiO₃, where M=Ca, Sr, Ba or Pb, were prepared by the pyrolysis of MTiO(C₂O₄)₂·4H₂O in the presence of a redox mixture containing NH₄NO₃ and oxalic acid dihydrazide at 350 °C. The redox mixture, having a low ignition temperature, not only pyrolyses the oxalate precursor but also produces large quantities of gases, which results in a fine, foamy oxide product. The exothermicity of the redox reaction provides the heat required for the decomposition of the oxalate, and the gases evolved create the foamy nature of the product and help to dissipate the heat, which inhibits the sintering of MTiO₃. Metal titanate powders obtained by the pyrolysis of the oxalates are of submicrometre size and have a high surface area (18–42 m²g^–1). The sintered BaTiO₃ and PbTiO₃ showed spontaneous polarization of 12 and 26 µC cm^–2, respectively, for a field strength of 120 kV cm^–1.