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81.
82.
The Effect of Composition on the Optical Properties and Hardness of Transparent Al‐rich MgO·nAl2O3 Spinel Ceramics
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The study investigates the transmittance and hardness of Al‐rich spinel ceramics (MgO·nAl2O3, 1 ≤ n ≤ 2.5) prepared by reaction air sintering (up to closed porosity) of different ratios of fine and coarse‐grained commercial Al2O3 and MgO raw powders completed by subsequent hot isostatic pressing (HiP). Different compositions give rise to a wide range of presintering temperatures. With starting compositions 1 ≤ n ≤ 1.5, presintering results in a formation of single‐phase spinel, in which the excess of Al is solved. With higher Al contents (n > 1.5), however, a biphasic ceramic of stoichiometric MgAl2O4 and residual alumina is formed first. This excess alumina is incorporated into the spinel lattice during the final HiP at a temperature of 1750°C. Single‐phase, highly transparent spinel is obtained by increasing the Al‐content up to n = 2.5, which gives about 85% in‐line transmittance in the visible range of light and about 63% at a UV wavelength of 200 nm. Whereas the optical properties can be improved, the hardness (HV1) slightly decreases with increasing Al content. Depending on the raw powders, the hardness of samples prepared by finer powders tend to higher values enabled by the development of a bimodal microstructure with a finer grain fraction (≤2 μm) between coarser grains (≤156 μm). In contrast, samples made of coarser powders need higher sintering temperatures and exhibit, then, a monomodal microstructure of very large grains (≤622 μm) only. 相似文献
83.
Alexander Horcher Katja Tangermann-Gerk Walter Krenkel Michael Schmidt Rajendra K. Bordia Günter Motz 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2022,19(2):856-865
Protective ceramic-based coatings are frequently the most suitable solutions for problems like corrosion and wear. It has been shown that the precursor technology is suitable for the preparation of ceramic coatings by pyrolysis in a furnace. However, the required high temperature for the preparation of the ceramic coatings limits this approach to high temperature-resistant substrates. A very innovative approach to overcome this restriction is the use of laser radiation as a thermal source for the pyrolysis of the preceramic polymer. In this paper, we report on a coating system, for steel substrates, consisting of a polysilazane (Durazane 2250) bond coat and a hard and dense top-coat composed of an organosilazane (Durazane 1800) with tetragonal ZrO2 particles and aluminum flakes as fillers pyrolyzed using Nd:YVO4 laser. The aluminum fillers led to a significant increase in absorption of the laser energy leading to the formation of a dense coating with a thickness up to 20 μm and a mainly cellular/columnar-dendritic microstructure. The microstructure, mechanical, and tribological behaviors of these composite coatings are reported and compared to those of laser pyrolyzed glass/ZrO2-filled polysilazane-based coatings reported in the literature. 相似文献
84.
The ever‐increasing and ever‐changing challenges of the job market require professionals to constantly attend extra occupational education programs. Professionals furthermore express their desire for a compatibility of family and work. Therefore, a general concept for extended vocational training in the field of natural science and technology was developed based on blended learning. As an example, the concept was implemented and tested on the basis of the extended vocational training course “tc‐compactBL” in Chemical Technology. 相似文献
85.
How Different Characterization Techniques Elucidate the Nature of the Gold Species in a Polycrystalline Au/TiO2 Catalyst
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Prof. Wolfgang Grünert Dr. Dennis Großmann Dr. Heshmat Noei Dr. Marga‐Martina Pohl Dr. Ilya Sinev Dr. Andrea De Toni Dr. Yuemin Wang Prof. Martin Muhler 《化学,工程师,技术》2014,86(11):1883-1889
TiO2‐supported gold species were prepared via the deposition‐precipitation route, with conservation of the initial speciation by freeze‐drying. The structural and electronic properties of the Au species were investigated by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and IR spectroscopy of adsorbed CO in four states. Exclusively AuIII was deposited on the TiO2 surface in patches ranging from isolated Au ions to three‐dimensional clusters. This paper illustrates in detail the unique contributions of all characterization techniques to this structural model. 相似文献
86.
Roland Vogel Regine Boldt Marijan Vučak Liane Häußler 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2014,54(9):2057-2063
It has been reported in the technical literature that whiskers of rodlike single crystals can be used in order to generate shish‐kebab structures or other different lamellae morphologies during isothermal or dynamic crystallization of sheared or presheared polymer melts. The expected advantage of the changed crystalline structure is a reinforcing effect of the composite. A lot of papers reported about the application of inorganic and organic whiskers such as cellulose and chitin whiskers. This study reports on an attempt to use acicular PCC as appropriate whisker for improving mechanical properties of polypropylene. In this article special attention is given to demonstrate the effect of flow induced crystallization under varying shear conditions in order to improve the mechanical properties. The effects were demonstrated using rheology, thermal analysis, tensile testing, and transmission electron microscopy. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:2057–2063, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers 相似文献
87.
88.
Genomes of all organisms are persistently threatened by endogenous and exogenous assaults. Bacterial mechanisms of genome maintenance must provide protection throughout the physiologically distinct phases of the life cycle. Spore-forming bacteria must also maintain genome integrity within the dormant endospore. The nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) influence nucleoid organization and may alter DNA topology to protect DNA or to alter gene expression patterns. NAPs are characteristically multifunctional; nevertheless, Dps, HU and CbpA are most strongly associated with DNA protection. Archaea display great variety in genome organization and many inhabit extreme environments. As of yet, only MC1, an archaeal NAP, has been shown to protect DNA against thermal denaturation and radiolysis. ssDNA are intermediates in vital cellular processes, such as DNA replication and recombination. Single-stranded binding proteins (SSBs) prevent the formation of secondary structures but also protect the hypersensitive ssDNA against chemical and nuclease degradation. Ionizing radiation upregulates SSBs in the extremophile Deinococcus radiodurans. 相似文献
89.
Søltoft M Bysted A Madsen KH Mark AB Bügel SG Nielsen J Knuthsen P 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2011,91(4):767-775
BACKGROUND: The demand for organic food products has increased during the last decades due to their probable health effects, among others. A higher content of secondary metabolites such as carotenoids in organic food products has been claimed, though not documented, to contribute to increased health effects of organic foods. The aim was to study the impact of organic and conventional agricultural systems on the content of carotenoids in carrots and human diets. In addition, a human cross‐over study was performed, measuring the plasma status of carotenoids in humans consuming diets made from crops from these agricultural systems. RESULTS: The content of carotenoids in carrot roots and human diets was not significantly affected by the agricultural production system or year, despite differences in fertilisation strategy and levels. The plasma status of carotenoids increased significantly after consumption of the organic and conventional diets, but no systematic differences between the agricultural production systems were observed. CONCLUSION: The expected higher content of presumed health‐promoting carotenoids in organic food products was not documented in this study. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
90.
Jianzhao Liu Jacky W. Y. Lam Matthias Häußler Anjun Qin Ben Zhong Tang 《Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials》2009,19(2):133-138
A group of hyperbranched poly(silylenearylene)s are synthesized by homopolycyclotrimerizations of A2-type silylenediynes. The polymers can be readily metallized by complexations of their periphery triple bonds with cobalt
octacarbonyls Co2(CO)8. Pyrolysis of these organometallic polymers gives magnetic ceramics in good yields. Analyses by SEM, TEM, XPS, EDX, and XRD
demonstrate that the ceramics comprise ferromagnetic Co and paramagnetic Co2Si nanocrystallites wrapped by carboneous shell. The ceramics show high magnetic susceptibilities (M
s up to ~50 emu/g) and near-zero coercivity (H
c down to ~0.14 kOe), suggesting that they are good soft magnetic materials with low hysteresis loss.
This article was to be included in the March issue of Volume 19, which was dedicated to Professor Takakazu Yamamoto. The journal
editors sincerely apologize for the omission and delay in publication for which the authors and the guest editor bare no responsibility.
M. Zeldin and A. S. Abd-El-Aziz, Editors. 相似文献