Exact splice loss prediction for single-mode fiber

This paper describes the direct measurement method of spot size for single-mode fibers and its application to the splice loss prediction. Using a core-centering-type automatic fusion splicing machine, predicted splice loss is examined for several MCVD and VAD fibers. The accuracy of splice loss predicted by this method is better than that calculated from core radius and refractive index. The experimental splice loss is equal to the sum of the loss predicted by this method and the loss caused by the splicing technique.     

The IR modulator utilizing light scattering effect with ferroelectric liquid crystal for gas analysis

Experimental infrared modulator elements have been fabricated utilizing the transient light scattering effect of ferroelectric liquid crystal with asymmetric waveform voltage drive. The new elements perform 80% modulation degrees at the 632.8nm. We have also achieved 30% modulation degrees in the 4 to 5µ m region where the strongest CO₂ absorption bands exist. A new type of analyzer which monitors ambient air quality has been developed. This analyzer uses non-dispersive infrared absorption method and composes of a double-beam, a single detector and a pair of liquid crystal light modulator as the IR chopper. The detection has achieved 10ppm noise equivalent concentration.     

Study on skin roughness caused by surfactants: I. A new method in vivo for evaluation of skin roughness

A simple and accurate method for evaluating skin roughness caused by surfactants has been developed. The intensities of the roughness have been correlated with the chemical structures of surfactants by using this method. Results indicated in general, that the surfactants having 12 carbons in their alkyl chain gave the skin more roughness than did those which had more or less than 12. The results obtained by this method were in good agreement with those from the immersion method usually used.     

New 1.6 ?m wavelength GaInAsP/InP buried heterostructure lasers

1.6 ?m wavelength GaInAsP/InP buried heterostructure (b.h.) lasers were fabricated by a new process. The low threshold of 25 mA was obtained for a cavity length of about 300 ?m and stripe width of 3?5 ?m. Room temperature c.w. operation was also obtained with the threshold of 37 mA. Transverse single-mode operation up to more than three times the threshold was obtained.     

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from an ammonia-oxidizing bacterium, Nitrosomonas sp. K1: purification and properties

The ammonia-oxidizing chemoautotrophic Nitrosomonas sp. strain K1 exhibited marked ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RubisCO) activity. The RubisCO [EC 4.1.1.39] was purified as an electrophoretically homogeneous protein. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be about 460 kDa by gel filtration, and it consists of two subunits [large (L): 52.2 kDa; small (S): 13.3 kDa] as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE. This confirmed that the enzyme has an L(8)S(8) structure. The K(m) values of the enzyme for RuBP, NaHCO3, and Mg2+ were estimated to be 0.112, 0.415, and 1.063 mM, respectively. The optimum pH and temperature for its activity were approximately 7.0 and 45 degrees C. The enzyme was stable up to 45 degrees C and in a pH range from 7.0-9.0 (4 degrees C, 48 h). The enzyme activity was inhibited by Cu2+, Hg2+, N-ethylmaleimide, p-chloromercuribenzoate, and SDS (0.1 mM). The activity was also inhibited by ammonium sulfate at high concentrations (38-303 mM) but the stability of the enzyme showed no inhibition at the same ammonium sulfate concentrations. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of the large and small subunits are AIKTYQAGVKEYRQTYW QPDYVPL and AIQAYHLTKKYETFSYLPQM, respectively.     

Standardization of New Sliver Probe for Cooling Power Test of Polymer Quenchant

Technical committee for Japanese industrial standard of heat treating oils has studied on the new method for testing cooling power of aqueous quenchants. This method employed the cooling curve test of a new sliver rod probe,which has a metal-sheathed thermocouple at its geometrical center. The experimental study has clarified that this probe has the higher sensitivity and excellent durability. In order to standardize this probe for cooling power test of aqueous quenchants, the repeatability and reproducibility of test results etc. have been studied. D.O.P. (Di-2-ethylthexyl Phthalate)was used as reference quenching fluid for initial calibration and for periodic calibration verification of the probe and system.In addition, 10% brine was used to check the response capability of the probe and system to the sudden change of temperature. These procedures are established according to the experimental investigation. This new test method is going to be built in the revised version of JIS K 2242 “Heat treating oils” as the cooling power test method for aqueous quenchants.