A Deep Learning Approach to Detection and Mitigation of Distributed Denial of Service Attacks in High Availability Intelligent Transport Systems

Mobile Networks and Applications - In the era of Internet of Things (IoT) powered by 5G technologies, Automobile Industry is headed towards a revolution. In Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS),...     

Extranasal Staphylococcus aureus colonization predisposes to bloodstream infections in patients on hemodialysis with noncuffed internal jugular vein catheters

Introduction: Staphylococcal infection of endogenous origin is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients who receive hemodialysis (HD). The risk of such infections in nasal carriers of the organism is well defined. Extranasal carriage of the organism at extranasal sites may pose similar risks. Methods: A total of 70 patients about to undergo internal jugular vein catheterization for HD were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Swab cultures were obtained from anterior nares, posterior pharynx, axillae, toe web spaces, and vascular access sites at baseline and 1 week later. A patient was defined as a persistent carrier when the same organism was grown in both samples. Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections were assessed by blood and catheter tip cultures over a 90‐day period. Findings: The mean age of the patients was 43.71 ± 16.2 years. Persistent S. aureus carriage at anterior nares, throat, axilla, toe web spaces, vascular access site, and all sites was documented in 27.9%, 11.4%, 40%, 32.9%, 4.3%, and 64.2% of patients, respectively. Fifteen patients developed S. aureus infections. Catheter related S. aureus infections (CRI) were more likely in persistent carriers than nonpersistent carriers with odds ratios (95% CI) of 10.2 (2.8–37.1), 8.6 (1.7–42.2), 17.3 (3.4–86.0), 3.0 (0.9–9.8), and 1.9 (0.2–22.4) for anterior nares, throat, axilla, toe web spaces, and vascular access site carriers, respectively. The probability of developing CRI in persistent S. aureus carriers was 55% compared to none in noncarriers at 90 days (P = 0.04). Discussion: Extranasal S. aureus carriage is as significant a risk factor as nasal carriage for staphylococcal infections in patients on HD through catheters. The study is limited by lack of molecular phenotyping.     

Process and die profile design for tube extrusion of γ iron

This study is related to material modeling and die and process design of tube extrusion of γ iron. Strain dependent rate power law is used for material modeling whose coefficients are arrived at through genetic algorithm (GA). Die profile of the tube extrusion process is optimized to produce microstructurally sound product at maximum production speed and minimum left out material in the die. The design problem is formulated as a nonlinear programming problem which is solved using GA. Selection of the processing parameters is carried out using dynamic material modeling (DMM). Using this approach tube extrusion process of γ iron is successfully designed.     

Optimal testing resource allocation during module testing considering cost, testing effort and reliability

Software reliability is one of the most important quality attributes of commercial software. During software testing, software reliability growth models (SRGMs) are commonly used to describe the phenomenon of failure occurrence and/or fault removal which consequently enhancements software reliability. Large software systems are developed by integrating a number of relatively small and independent modules, which are tested independently during module testing phase. The amount of testing resource available is limited which is desired to be consumed judiciously so as to optimize the testing process. In this paper we formulate a resource allocation problem of minimizing the cost of software testing under available amount of testing resource, given a reliability constraint. We use a flexible SRGM considering testing effort which, depending upon the values of parameters, can describe either exponential or S-shaped failure pattern of software modules. A systematic and sequential Algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization problem formulated. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the formulation and solution procedures. Sensitivity analysis is performed to examine the behavior of some parameters of SRGM with most significant influence.     

A constrained non-linear optimization model for fuzzy pairwise comparison matrices using teaching learning based optimization

Non-linear optimization models have been recently proposed to derive crisp weights from fuzzy pairwise comparison matrices. In this paper, a TLBO (Teaching Learning Based Optimization) based solution is presented for solving an optimization model as a system of non-linear equations to derive crisp weights from fuzzy pairwise comparison matrices in AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). This fuzzy-AHP method is named as TLBO-1. It has been found that TLBO-1 can lead to inconsistent or less consistent weights. To solve the problem of inconsistent weights, a new constrained non-linear optimization model is proposed in this paper. This model is based on the min-max approach for fuzzy pairwise comparison ratios of weights. TLBO is again used to solve this optimization model, and crisp weights are derived. This fuzzy AHP method is named as TLBO-2. The effectiveness of the proposed model is illustrated by three examples. For each example, the consistency of the derived crisp weights is compared with other optimization models. The results show that the TLBO-2 method can derive more consistent weights for the fuzzy AHP based Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) systems as compared to the other optimization models.     

A DEM‐based parallel computing hydrodynamic and transport model

The sudden and accidental water pollution response system (SAWPRS) for Yangtze River in central China required to develop a hydrodynamic and transport model, which is readily available and capable of simulating a large river system within GIS environment. This study facilitates such effort by developing a parallel computing method based on digital elevation model (DEM) using overlapping domain decomposition approach (ODDA) and message passing interface (MPI) protocol. The hydrodynamic and transport model was redesigned using finite volume method for hydrodynamic and transport model dispersion, the SIMPLEC method for solving the flow field, and the pressure weighted interpolating method for the flow field modification. This modelling approach was verified in two experiments using different sets of computer clusters. The model output was evaluated against the measured data collected for the year 1998 for Wanzhou, an upstream river segment of Yangtze River. The relative error was found to be less than 10%. The performance of parallel computation was found excellent as evident from the cost efficiency values greater than 0.81 in both experiments and increased computation speed while increasing the number of computer clusters. Overall, the parallel computing modelling system developed here was found to meet all requirements of SAWPRS. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Perfect r-domination in the Kronecker product of two cycles, with an application to diagonal/toroidal mesh

If r?1, and m and n are each a multiple of (r+1)²+r², then each isomorphic component of C_m×C_n admits of a vertex partition into (r+1)²+r² perfect r-dominating sets. The result induces a dense packing of C_m×C_n by means of vertex-disjoint subgraphs, each isomorphic to a diagonal array. Areas of applications include efficient resource placement in a diagonal mesh and error-correcting codes.     

Failure-Oriented Path Restoration Algorithm for Survivable Networks

In this article, a new polynomial-time approximation algorithm called Service Path Local Optimization (SPLO) is proposed for the online restoration problem. SPLO is shown to perform competitively with existing offline heuristics algorithm in terms of spare capacity. SPLO is designed for online computation where only one request is computed at any one time, and the decision making does not depend on future requests. The polynomial-time and online nature of the algorithm makes SPLO suitable for use in real-time on-demand path request applications. SPLO can be combined with a non-polynomial post-processing component that re-optimizes the backup paths. Significant reductions in spare capacity requirements are achievable at the expense of higher computation time. Further, the potential for SPLO as an algorithm in traffic engineering applications is investigated by looking at the performance impact when source-destination-based traffic aggregation is applied. We also introduce a new concept called path intermix where the service path?s allocated bandwidth can be used by the backup paths protecting that particular service path.     

Effect of unit-cells of the frequency selective surface as superstrate on the directivity of rectangular microstrip antenna

In this paper, the relationship between the number of unit-cells used in the design of a frequency selective surface (FSS) and its expected directivity is established. The relationship between the number of FSS unit-cells and the directivity is based on the planer microstrip patch array antenna design concept where the unit-cell is treated as the superstrate illuminated by the source. To validate the proposed technique, the analytical value of the directivity has been compared with that of ray-tracing method. The directivity of antenna is calculated for two different planar array configurations at 600 GHz. The results of numerical analysis are compared to that of the full-wave electromagnetic simulator CST Microwave Studio and results are comparable. Further, the directivity computed by this proposed technique has also been compared with that of the reported in literatures.     

Effect of primary alpha phase variation on mechanical behaviour of Ti–6Al–4V alloy

Small punch tests (SPTs) have been carried out at room temperature to correlate the microstructural variation of Ti–6Al–4V alloy with that of SPT parameters. Microstructural variation in terms of different volume fractions of primary alpha phase of Ti–6Al–4V alloy has been introduced as a result of solution annealing at different temperatures followed by thermal aging. Small punch test parameters, i.e. total area under the load vs displacement curve, area under the zone of elastic bending, plastic bending and plastic instability have been found to increase from the content of 10% primary alpha phase to 20% primary alpha phase and then these are decreasing from the content of 20% primary alpha phase to 30% primary alpha phase.