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71.
A novel packet bit error rate (BER) and loss measurement method and system is proposed. A proposed 40 Gbit/s packet BER and loss measurement system is expressed in detail. A 40 Gbit/s BER and loss measurement with various conditions is demonstrated experimentally. In real time, only the payload part of a packet and burst stream with fluctuated guard time is evaluated. The BER and packet loss of a randomly received packet sequence due to routing and buffering can be also evaluated by the measurement system. A 10 Gbit/s packet BER and loss measurement with optical label switching, buffering, and preamble-free optical packet 3R are demonstrated experimentally.  相似文献   
72.
Mg–Ni alloys are among the most promising candidates for solid-state hydrogen storage systems. This paper reveals the effect of Na doping in accelerating initial hydrogen uptake in Mg–Ni alloys using in-situ Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. A minimum concentration of approximately 0.2 wt.% Na must be achieved for the alloys to show reasonably fast hydriding kinetics. Surface analysis shows that a Na-modified Mg–Ni surface facilitates the chemisorption and dissociation of hydrogen molecules in the early stage of hydriding as evidenced by a rapid formation of the saturated hydrogen solid solution Mg2NiH0.3 from the original Mg2Ni. The subsequent hydrogen absorption is based on a mechanism of nucleation and growth of MgH2 where a high density of dislocations develops ahead of the growing hydride-metal interface.  相似文献   
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The influence of environmental temperatures on the fatigue strength of compressed-hydrogen tanks for vehicles was investigated. The fatigue strength of Type-3 tanks was found to decrease in a low-temperature environment and increase in a high-temperature environment. The Type-3 tank has been subjected to autofrettage to improve fatigue strength. The investigation clarified that the effect of autofrettage changes according to the environmental temperature due to the difference between the coefficients of thermal expansion of carbon fiber reinforced plastic and aluminum alloy. This causes fatigue strength to change with changes in temperature. The Type-4 tank has a very long fatigue life and did not break after 45,000 cycles in a room-temperature or low-temperature environment. In a high-temperature environment, however, the tank broke in fewer than 45,000 cycles. The fatigue of carbon fiber reinforced plastic was promoted in the high-temperature environment, resulting in breakage of the tank. These results indicate that the fatigue strength of the tanks is influenced by the environmental temperature.  相似文献   
76.
LaSi3N5:Eu2+ phosphor powders were prepared by a highly efficient combustion synthesis method. It was found that the compositions of the raw powder mixtures had great influences on the phase compositions and particle morphologies of the synthesized powders. By selecting appropriate starting compositions and combustion parameters, single phase LaSi3N5:Eu2+ phosphors could be synthesized. When excited by a UV light, the LaSi3N5:Eu2+ phosphors emitted green light. The wavelength and intensity of the emission spectra were affected by the amount of Eu2+ dopant. With increasing amount of Eu2+ dopant, concentration quenching could occur and emission spectra shifted to longer wavelengths.  相似文献   
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BACKGROUND: The behavior of cadmium in ecosystems needs to be monitored because of the human toxicity of this heavy metal. The need recently arose for a simple and quick on‐site test for trace levels of Cd in food and environmental samples. In response, an immunochromatographic assay kit for detecting Cd was manufactured by Kansai Electric Power Co. of Japan. This kit uses the antigen–antibody complex reaction between the Cd–EDTA complex and an anti‐Cd–EDTA antibody and shows the results in terms of the degree of color developed on a test paper. We previously reported the successful use of this kit to determine Cd concentrations in brown rice. Here, we applied the kit to the determination of Cd concentrations in rice foliage and soil. RESULTS: Cadmium in rice foliage was not extracted successfully by the method used for brown rice. However, it was successfully extracted by 0.1 mol L?1 HCl solution at a rice foliage:HCl ratio of 1:20, and coexisting metals were removed sufficiently by the column treatment. The Cd concentrations determined by immunochromatographic assay were well correlated with the values obtained by acid decomposition and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The 0.1 mol L?1 HCl‐extractable Cd concentration in soil was also determined successfully with the kit. CONCLUSION: Approximate Cd concentrations in rice plants and 0.1 mol L?1 HCl‐extractable Cd concentrations in soil can be monitored easily and quickly by this method at locations where facilities for acid digestion and precision analysis are not available. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   
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The novel optically active (S)-4-benzyl-2-(ethynylphenyl)-oxazoline (BnEPhOx) was successfully prepared and polymerized using rhodium catalyst ([Rh(nbd)Cl]2) to obtain the moderate molecular weight poly(phenylacetylene)s bearing chiral oxazoline derivatives with high yields (≥90%). The 1H NMR spectra demonstrated that the resulting polymers had high stereoregular structures. Moreover, the poly(phenylacetylene)s bearing chiral oxazoline exhibited better thermal stability than poly(phenylacetylene). The resulting polymers showed higher absolute values of optical specific rotation than the monomer. The polymers also exhibited intense CD signal in the region of the π-π1 band of the conjugated polyacetylene backbone in chloroform solution. The results of specific rotation and CD spectroscopy indicated that all the polymers adopted higher-order structure with predominantly one-handed screw sense.In addition, the resulting polymers emitted fluorescence under UV irradiation.  相似文献   
80.
Novel organic–inorganic hybrids with sulfonic acid groups were prepared using random copolymers composed of vinyl sulfonate esters and vinyl trialkoxysilanes. Five vinyl sulfonate esters with different substituent groups were employed as protecting monomers for the production of the poly(vinyl sulfonic acid) component, and three vinyl trialkoxysilanes were used as cross-linkable monomers. Free radical and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerizations were performed for the production of random copolymers with two different functional groups. The selective deprotection of the sulfonate esters of the copolymers proceeded smoothly and resulted in the formation of copolymers with lithium vinyl sulfonate units and cross-linkable trialkoxysilane units. The co-condensation of the trialkoxysilane moieties in the deprotected copolymers with cross-linkers yielded transparent hybrid films that contained lithium sulfonate groups without aromatic rings or ester linkages.  相似文献   
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