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71.
Noriya Izu Haruo Kishimoto Takahisa Omata Kousuke One 《Science and Technology of Advanced Materials》2013,14(2):397-404
Tetragonal CaF2-related-type t′-/Ce0.5Zr0.5)O2 phase was reduced at 773 K ≤ Tred. ≤ 1073 K to prepare precursors with various oxygen compositions: Ce2Zr2O712d /0.111 < δ < 0.379). Metastable tetragonal t′meta-(Ce0.5Zr0.5)O2 phases were prepared by oxidizing in O2 at 873 K the precursors, and subjected to evolved oxygen gas analysis by heating the samples at a constant rate. When the precursor was prepared at Tred: ? 773 K; i.e. δ ? 0:379; the oxygen release behavior of the tetragonal phase agreed approximately with that of the t′. For δ < 0.29, distinct features of the t′meta-(Ce0.5Zr0.5)O2 appeared in the XRD results and Raman spectra. The temperature exhibiting the maximum release rate of oxygen from the t′meta became lower with decreasing the d value. It could be concluded that the thermodynamic behavior of the t′meta is related closely to the precursor composition and becomes more unstable with decrease in the δ value. The t′ and t′meta phases with disordered arrangement of Ce and Zr ions may belong to the same space group; nevertheless, difference in the random arrays of the Ce and Zr ions was suggested on the basis of the present experimental results. 相似文献
72.
Hideharu Mori Yosuke Saito Eri Takahashi Kazuhiro Nakabayashi Atsuhiko Onuma Makoto Morishima 《Reactive and Functional Polymers》2013,73(4):658-667
Novel organic–inorganic hybrids with sulfonic acid groups were prepared using random copolymers composed of vinyl sulfonate esters and vinyl trialkoxysilanes. Five vinyl sulfonate esters with different substituent groups were employed as protecting monomers for the production of the poly(vinyl sulfonic acid) component, and three vinyl trialkoxysilanes were used as cross-linkable monomers. Free radical and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerizations were performed for the production of random copolymers with two different functional groups. The selective deprotection of the sulfonate esters of the copolymers proceeded smoothly and resulted in the formation of copolymers with lithium vinyl sulfonate units and cross-linkable trialkoxysilane units. The co-condensation of the trialkoxysilane moieties in the deprotected copolymers with cross-linkers yielded transparent hybrid films that contained lithium sulfonate groups without aromatic rings or ester linkages. 相似文献
73.
74.
Akihito Takeuchi Kazuhiro Hosono Gen Tatara 《Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism》2010,23(1):31-32
We show theoretically that charge and spin currents arise from spin dynamics in the presence of the spin–orbit interaction.
The dominant calculation is the inverse spin Hall effect, namely the spin current pumped from precession of local spins is
converted into the charge current by the spin–orbit interaction. The conversion mechanism is explained based on the conservation
laws of charge and spin. 相似文献
75.
Single phase β-Zn4Sb3 was prepared by the application of a two-stage heat treatment, and impurity elements were doped. The undoped and doped samples
were prepared by direct melting followed by two-stage heat treatment at 450°C and 400°C after solidification of the samples
in sealed quartz ampoules. Impurity doping of the samples was performed by the addition of 1 at.% of Se, In, Pb, Te, or Bi.
The resulting samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), optical microscopy,
and electron probe microanalysis, and their Seebeck coefficients were determined at room temperature. The undoped samples
were determined by XRD and DTA to comprise single phase β-Zn4Sb3, while the doped samples were composed of multiple phases. From the measurements of the Seebeck coefficient, all samples
were found to be p-type and all were found to have almost the same values. These results indicate that β-Zn4Sb3 has limited solubility for these impurity elements. 相似文献
76.
Jun Aihara Shohei Ueta Atsushi Yasuda Hideharu Ishibashi Yasuhiro Mozumi Kazuhiro Sawa Yoshinobu Motohashi 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2009,92(1):197-203
The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has started to study and develop zirconium carbide (ZrC)-coated fuel particles for advanced high-temperature gas-cooled reactors. The ZrC coating layer has been fabricated at JAEA by chemical vapor deposition using a pyrolytic reaction of zirconium bromide. The microstructures of the ZrC layers, whose nominal deposition temperatures could be measured and controlled during the deposition process, were characterized by means of TEM and STEM. In the present study, three batches were prepared and compared with each other as well as the previous batches. The crystallographic orientation of ZrC with regard to the growth direction in the ZrC layers deposited at a constant temperature of 1630 K was different from that deposited at varying temperatures in the 1493–1823 K range. A thin layer of turbostratic carbon was observed at the boundary between pyrolytic carbon and ZrC in particles deposited at the highest temperature among those used in this study (the nominal temperature was 1769 K); no such structure was found in a batch deposited at a lower temperature (the nominal temperature was 1632 K). Therefore, precise control of temperature is shown to be critical to the formation of good ZrC coatings. 相似文献
77.
There is a recent trend toward rule-based authorization systems to achieve flexible security policies. Also, new sensing technologies in pervasive computing make it possible to define context-sensitive rules, such as “allow database access only to staff who are currently located in the main office”. However, these rules, or the facts that are needed to verify authority, often involve sensitive context information. This paper presents a secure context-sensitive authorization system that protects confidential information in facts or rules. Furthermore, our system allows multiple hosts in a distributed environment to perform the evaluation of an authorization query in a collaborative way; we do not need a universally trusted central host that maintains all the context information. The core of our approach is to decompose a proof for making an authorization decision into a set of sub-proofs produced on multiple different hosts, while preserving the integrity and confidentiality policies of the mutually untrusted principals operating these hosts. We prove the correctness of our algorithm. 相似文献
78.
Molecular dynamics simulations of 1,4-polybutadiene in bulk amorphous state were performed. Results were compared with the recent neutron spin-echo measurements. To investigate motional coherency the relaxation rates for the collective and self-motions, the collective and self-relaxation rates, were evaluated for the short and long time regimes of the normalized intermediate scattering functions. The scattering vector dependence of the collective relaxation rates estimated for both fast and slow processes indicated a minimum at scattering vector q = 1.5 Å−1, corresponding to the position of a peak in the static structure factor. The self-relaxation rates increased monotonously with q. A phenomenon known as de Gennes narrowing was reproduced well in the simulation and found to be originated from the inter-molecular correlation. The collective relaxation rate evaluated for fast process appeared to modulate around a peak of q = 2.9 Å−1, corresponding to the intra-molecular correlation. 相似文献
79.
Miyuki Hayashi Masahiro Susa Toshio Maruyama Kazuhiro Nagata 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1995,24(8):983-989
The annealing of 20CaO·20SiO2·7Fe2O3·6FeO glasses at 973K in vacuo produced clusters of iron oxide, the shape of which was nearly spherical and the diameter distributed in the narrow range 25–115Å. The phase of clusters was identified to be Fe3+(Fe3+ poststagger|1.30Fe2+ poststagger|0.55V0.15)·O4 in the inverse spinel structure based upon the Mössbauer spectra and x-ray diffraction profiles. The clusters exhibited superparamagnetism and their effective anisotropy energy constant was inversely proportional to the cluster diameter. The magnetization of the glasses measured by a vibrating sample magnetometer was 7.2 × 10-6 Wbmkg-1 at 10 kOe at room temperature and smaller than the value calculated assuming that the whole clusters have superparamagnetism. These results suggest the pinning of spins near the cluster surface. 相似文献
80.
Ribotyping and a study of transmission of Staphylococcus aureus collected from food preparation facilities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kishimoto M Hioki Y Okano T Konuma H Takamizawa K Kashio H Kasuga F 《Journal of food protection》2004,67(6):1116-1122
Food poisoning from Staphylococcus aureus is sometimes caused by improper handling of food items in food preparation facilities. Prevention of contamination by employees is particularly important in facilities where a significant amount of food preparation is performed by hand. Some experiments have been performed to describe bacterial cross-contamination in the food preparation process, but there have been few studies of cross-contamination in actual food preparation facilities. Aiming to shed light on the transmission of S. aureus in food preparation facilities, this study collected samples of 66 strains of this bacterium from the fingers of food preparation staff, foodstuffs, prepared foods, cooking utensils, and cooking equipment and typed them with the ribotyping method. S. aureus from the same ribogroup was detected on the hands of a study participant, a faucet, knife, frying pan, and a salad, indicating that bacteria found on the hands of the study participant was transmitted to cooking utensils and prepared foods. Transmission (from a faucet to a frying pan handle) of bacteria by another person, a third party, was also detected. 相似文献