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31.
A photocatalytic sensor for the determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) using titanium dioxide, based on the use of a pair of oxygen electrodes and flow injection analysis, is described. The measuring principle is based on the direct determination of the oxygen concentration change resulting from photocataltic oxidation of organic compounds. One of the two oxygen electrodes, the reference oxygen electrode, was utilized to measure the reference signal responding only to oxygen present in the injected samples. Oxygen consumption due to the TiO2-catalyzed photochemical oxidation of organic compounds in samples was monitored with the working oxygen electrode. The COD value of this sensor was calculated as the difference of the currents at reference and working oxygen electrodes, respectively. The operation characteristics of the sensor are demonstrated using artificially treated wastewater as a substrate. The sensor was also applied to the determination of COD in real water samples from dam reservoirs (n = 20) all over Japan. The results were in good agreement with those from the conventional COD methods (i.e., permanganate and dichromate methods). 相似文献
32.
Can a single floating body be expressed as the sum of two bodies? Geometrically, the answer is always ‘yes’. However, the subject of the present paper is if this is also the case from the viewpoint of hydrodynamics, that is, (1) if it is justified to treat hydrodynamic-interaction theory as if there exists some water between the two opposing surfaces of the two bodies, although actually no water exists between them? and (2) can the wave field around one of the two bodies due to the waves scattered by the other body be expressed in terms of a local coordinate system fixed to the corresponding body and vice versa? Theoretical and numerical investigations are carried out and it is concluded that the answer to the first question is ‘yes’, whereas the answer to the second question is, in principle, ‘no’, but, in practice, such integrated quantities as hydrodynamic forces, especially horizontal forces, could still be calculated quite correctly if the body is divided into rectangular sub-bodies with aspect ratio close to unity. 相似文献
33.
Aydemir M.T. Caldeira P. Lipo T.A. Murai Y. da Silva E.R.C. Ledwich G. 《Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on》1993,29(5):949-958
A high-frequency series resonant DC link converter is utilized as a DC motor drive. This system generates a resonant current in a series link, and switching is done at zero current instants, reducing switching losses to a minimum value. A pulse density modulation (PDM) strategy, utilizing a current rectangular loop and an external motor speed feedback loop, controls the resonant converter. A sinusoidal input fundamental current and nearly unity input power factor can be observed in different load conditions. The overall characteristics of the system, including such variables as maximum power, input current, start up, and transient responses, are presented by digital simulation and were verified on an actual prototype system 相似文献
34.
Kenichi Kitamura Koji Murai Shin‐ichi Wakida Takashi Miyado Keiichi Fukushi Yuji Hayashi 《IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering》2013,8(3):301-302
Evaluation of the mental workload during training for ship handling has usually depended on professionals (captain, pilot) who have lots of experience on board. We are attempting to evaluate a ship navigator's mental workload based on a physiological index. The physiological indices, namely heart rate variability (R–R interval), nasal temperature, and salivary amylase, are good indices for reading the mental workload during ship handling. Moreover, we find the possibility of using salivary NO$_{3}^{-}$ as a good index for evaluating the ship navigator's mental workload. Salivary NO$_{3}^{-}$ is expected to have a specific characteristic to represent quick response on the spot and the trend. We confirmed the response of students during simulator training, and then carried out the experiment on professionals on a real ship. We propose that salivary NO$_{3}^{-}$ can show a ship navigator's stress for ship handling in the simulator and on a real ship. This work to evaluate the ship navigator's mental workload using salivary NO$_{3}^{-}$ is the first attempt worldwide. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
35.
Sobi Asako Takahisa Sakae Masahito Murai Kazuhiko Takai 《Advanced Synthesis \u0026amp; Catalysis》2016,358(24):3966-3970
Mild and simple catalytic systems consisting of molybdenum(VI) dichloride dioxide [MoO2Cl2] as a catalyst and a phosphine as reductant have been developed for the stereospecific deoxygenation of epoxides to alkenes. The reactions using 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) and triphenylphosphine (PPh3) proceed with retention and inversion of stereochemistry, respectively. The mild reaction tolerates the presence of various functional groups and affords stereodefined substituted olefins in good yields.
36.
H. Tokioka M. Agari M. Inoue T. Yamamoto H. Murai H. Nagata 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2002,10(2):123-126
A low‐power‐consumption thin‐film‐transistor liquid‐crystal display (TFT‐LCD) with dynamic memory cells embedded in each pixel using low‐temperature poly‐Si technology has been developed. By holding data in the memory, the operating rate of the data driver can be dramatically reduced to 4 Hz. Eight levels of gray scale with low power consumption can be achieved by using the area‐ratio gray‐scale method. This TFT‐LCD can be used for displaying fine still images, with low power consumption. 相似文献
37.
Yoshizaki Kazuhito; Weissman Daniel H.; Banich Marie T. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,21(3):326
In the present study, we investigated whether a hemispheric division of labor is most advantageous to performance when lateralized inputs place unequal resource demands on the left and right cerebral hemispheres. In each trial, participants decided whether 2 rotated letters, presented either in the same visual field (within-field trials) or in opposite visual fields (across-field trials), were both of normal orientation, or whether one was normal and the other was mirror-reversed. To discriminate a letter's orientation, one must rotate the letter to the upright position. Therefore, we manipulated whether the two letters imposed similar or dissimilar demands on cognitive resources by varying the number of degrees that each letter needed to be rotated to reach the upright position. As predicted, in 2 experiments we found that the across-field advantage increased as the number of degrees each letter needed to be rotated became more dissimilar. These findings support a current model of hemispheric interactions, which posits that an unequal hemispheric distribution of cognitive load allows the cerebral hemispheres to take the lead for different aspects of cognitive processing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
38.
Tetsuya Murai Yoshiharu Sato Germano Resconi Michinori Nakata 《Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science》2003,82(4):186
The concept of granular computing is applied to Aristotle's categorical syllogism. Such kind of reasoning is called granular reasoning in this paper. For the purpose, two operations called zooming in & out are introduced to reconstruct granules of possible worlds. 相似文献
39.
Yukio Kagawa Tadakuni Murai Osamu Matsumoto 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》1983,19(3):315-329
Two kinds of techniques for solving a shape determination problem are proposed. The determination of the interface boundary between two domains governed by Poisson and Laplace equations under the compatible and constraint condition is considered. Influence coefficient and inverse variational approaches are examined by using the iterative finite element procedure. A two-dimensional model of a junction-type field effect transistor is a test example. The determination of its interface boundary and the prediction of the potential distribution and static characteristic are demonstrated. 相似文献
40.
Kohashi T. Kitamura A. Murai M. Usukura T. Watanabe Y. Horii N. 《Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on》1985,3(4):574-583
The Universal Link System belongs to the "loop subsystem" of a local area network (LAN). This system has circuit-switching facilities and packet-switching facilities, and uses a local area network as an integrated switching system. The Universal Link System is well suited for a very wide range of uses, with the merits of both circuit switching and packet switching. The Outline of this system is described below. 相似文献